Skip to content
( 
) 
(Greek letter rho) or 
(as shown in the mind map diagram)
Share
Explore
Study Matrix
Prepared by: learnloophq@gmail.com
Chapter: 01. Physical Quantities And Measurement
Measurement Concepts: Volume vs. Capacity
Point of Comparison
Volume
Capacity
Definition
Three-dimensional space occupied by a substance (solid, liquid, or gas).
The internal volume of a container, representing the maximum volume of liquid it can hold.
SI Unit
Cubic metre (m³)
Not mentioned in text
Commonly Used Units
Cubic centimetre (cm³), cubic millimetre (mm³)
Litres (L), millilitres (mL)
Basic Relationship
1 m³ = 1,000,000 cm³
1 L = 1000 mL = 1000 cm³
Solid Classification: Regular Solids vs. Irregular Solids (Volume Measurement)
Point of Comparison
Regular Solids
Irregular Solids
Definition
Solids having regular geometric shapes (e.g., cube, cuboid, sphere, cylinder).
Solids that do not have regular geometric shapes (e.g., pebble, stone).
Volume Determination Method
Calculated using mathematical formulae based on dimensions.
Determined using the method of displacement of liquid.
Key Formulas
• Cube: 
• Cuboid: 
• Sphere: 
• Cylinder: 
No mathematical formulae can be used.
Apparatus/Materials Used
Physical balance (to measure mass); standard dimensional measuring tools (implied).
Graduated cylinder, graduated beaker, overflow jar, water (or kerosene), thread.
Underlying Principle
Geometric mathematical relations.
When a solid is completely immersed in a liquid, it displaces a volume of liquid equal to its own volume.
State of Matter Interfaces: Concave Meniscus vs. Convex Meniscus
Point of Comparison
Concave Meniscus
Convex Meniscus
Curvature Direction
Curves downwards.
Curves upwards.
Liquid-Container Interaction
Occurs with liquids that wet/stick to the sides of the measuring cylinder.
Occurs with liquids that do not stick to the sides of the measuring cylinder.
Measurement Reading Point
Checked at the lowest level of the meniscus.
Checked at the uppermost level of the meniscus.
Example Liquids
Water, kerosene.
Mercury.
Shape Classification: Regular Shapes vs. Irregular Shapes (Area Measurement)
Point of Comparison
Regular Shapes
Irregular Shapes
Definition
Flat surfaces with defined geometric shapes (e.g., square, rectangle, triangle, circle).
Flat surfaces without regular geometric profiles (e.g., leaf, feather).
Area Determination Method
Calculated using mathematical formulae.
Estimated using a graph paper.
Key Formulas
• Square: 
• Rectangle: 
• Triangle: 
• Circle: 
No mathematical formulae can be used.
Measurement Accuracy
Exact.
Approximate (estimation only).
Liquid Comparison: Water vs. Kerosene (As Described in Chapter Context)
Point of Comparison
Water
Kerosene
Relative Mass (for equal volumes)
Weighs more (has more mass).
Weighs less (has less mass).
Molecular Packing
Molecules are more closely packed.
Molecules are less closely packed.
Meniscus Type Formed
Concave meniscus.
Concave meniscus.
Density (SI Unit)
1000 kg/m³
Not mentioned in text
Usage in Irregular Solid Volume Measurement
Standard liquid used for insoluble solids.
Used instead of water for solids that dissolve in water (e.g., copper sulphate).
Density Units: CGS Unit vs. SI Unit
Point of Comparison
CGS Unit of Density
SI Unit of Density
Unit Name
Gram per cubic centimetre.
Kilogram per cubic metre.
Symbol
g/cm³ or gcm⁻³
kg/m³ or kgm⁻³
Alternative Expressions
g/mL (since 1 mL = 1 cm³)
Not mentioned in text
Interconversion Value
1 g/cm³ = 1000 kg/m³
1000 kg/m³ = 1 g/cm³
Physical Quantities: Density vs. Speed
Point of Comparison
Density
Speed
Definition
Quantity of mass per unit volume of a substance (mass per unit volume).
Distance travelled by an object per unit time.
Mathematical Formula
Symbol
SI Unit
kg/m³ (or kgm⁻³)
Metre per second (m/s)
Other Commonly Used Units
g/cm³ (or gcm⁻³), g/mL
Kilometre per hour (km/h), centimetre per second (cm/s)
Want to print your doc?
This is not the way.
This is not the way.
Try clicking the ··· in the right corner or using a keyboard shortcut (
CtrlP
) instead.