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CNMS ICSE - 7 Std
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Chapter: 08. Allergy

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On the second exposure, the antigen-antibody reaction triggers the release of histamine which, along with IgE antibodies, produces the hypersensitive allergic response.
Three indoor allergens that trigger perennial allergies are dust, mould, and pet dander.
A quantitative measurement of specific antibodies in the blood helps in predicting the type of allergy and the risk of a severe allergic reaction.
Allergy is an exaggerated or abnormal reaction of the immune system of a person to certain foreign substances that do not bother most other people.
The common symptoms of a pollen allergy include sneezing, coughing, a runny nose, itchy and watery eyes, and hay fever.
Two fungal spores that commonly act as allergens are Aspergillus and Penicillium.
The three entry routes of allergens into the human body are the nose through breathing, the mouth through eating, and the skin through contact.
Allergic asthma is characterized by the narrowing of bronchi, bronchospasm, sneezing, difficulty in breathing, wheezing, and breathlessness.
Contact dermatitis is caused by red and itchy rashes forming at the point of contact where substances touch the skin.
Allergens are substances in the environment or surroundings that trigger an allergic reaction.
Dr. Charles Robert Richet coined the word anaphylaxis and worked out the mechanism of thermoregulation in homeothermic animals.
Sensitisation is the process during the first exposure to an allergen where the body develops a primary immune response and B-cells produce IgE antibodies and histamines.
Seasonal allergy develops only during specific seasons of the year, whereas perennial allergy appears at any time year-round.
A skin-prick test is conducted by injecting small amounts of suspended allergens intradermally into a patient’s forearm or back to observe inflammatory reactions like swelling and redness.
Drugs like aspirin, penicillin, and sulpha drugs commonly trigger drug allergies in some individuals.
Anaphylaxis is a sudden, severe, and dangerous allergic reaction characterized by widespread rashes, swelling of tissues, low blood pressure, and breathing difficulty.
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