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Key Terms

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Chapter: 09. Akbar

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Jauhar: The self-immolation or burning of queens and female royals of the Rajput kingdoms when facing defeat at the hands of an enemy.
Wazir (or Diwan): The head of the revenue department.
Mir Bakshi: The head of the military department and paymaster of all mansabdars.
Chief Sadr (or Qazi): The chief judge.
Mir Saman: The supervisor of the royal household.
Vakil: The prime minister whose position was reduced to that of an advisory, ceremonial head during Akbar’s reign.
Diwan-i-Khas: The private hall where Akbar held regular meetings with his senior officers.
Diwan-i-Aam: The common audience hall where Akbar would receive petitions, listen to problems and solve many cases.
Subas: The provinces into which Akbar’s empire was divided.
Subedar: A governor placed in charge of a province who had control over both military and civil affairs.
Sarkars: The districts into which provinces were subdivided.
Parganas: The smaller units of administration into which districts were subdivided.
Mansab: Office or rank of dignity in the administration.
Mansabdar: The holder of a rank in the military and civil administration.
Todar Mal’s Bandobast: The land revenue system introduced by Raja Todar Mal who was Akbar’s revenue minister and one of the nine gems.
Mohur: A gold coin of standard weight issued by Akbar.
Jizya: A poll tax imposed by earlier Muslim rulers on all non-Muslim subjects.
Pilgrim Tax: A tax imposed by earlier rulers on Hindus visiting places of pilgrimage.
Ibadat Khana: The hall of prayer built by Akbar at Fatehpur Sikri for discussions on religious matters.
Mahzar: A declaration issued by Akbar in 1579 CE that gave him the power to choose between different interpretations of Islamic law.
Sulh-i-Kul: Universal peace and harmony, meaning peace with all.
Din-i-Ilahi: The new religious order introduced by Akbar, combining the ideas of major religions to promote universal brotherhood and national unity.
Navratnas: The “nine gems” or galaxy of nine illustrious men who excelled in their respective fields of work and adorned Akbar’s court.
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