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CNMS ICSE - 7 Std
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Chapter: 06. Excretory System

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What is the difference between waste products and excretory products?
Waste products are any unusable or unwanted substances produced during metabolic reactions, whereas excretory products are the specific metabolic wastes that must be eliminated from the body and cannot be stored.
Why is excretion necessary for living organisms?
Excretion is necessary to prevent the toxic accumulation of metabolic waste products, which can damage cells, alter the internal environment, and disturb ionic balance.
What are the four primary organs of excretion in the human body?
The four primary organs of excretion in the human body are the kidneys, skin, lungs, and liver.
Where are the kidneys located in the human body?
The kidneys are located in the abdominal cavity, with one on either side of the backbone at the level of the last two ribs.
What are the physical dimensions of a human kidney?
A human kidney is approximately 7 to 10 centimeters long and 2.5 to 4 centimeters across.
What is the function of the ureters?
The ureters are narrow tubes that carry urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder.
How does the urinary bladder assist the excretory system?
The urinary bladder is a muscular bag in the lower abdomen that collects and temporarily stores urine before it is excreted.
What takes place during the ultrafiltration step of urine formation?
During ultrafiltration, water and nitrogenous wastes are filtered out of the blood as it passes through the capillaries of the glomerulus into the Bowman’s capsule.
What occurs during the reabsorption phase in the nephron tubules?
During reabsorption, useful substances like sugars, amino acids, salts, and water are reabsorbed back into the blood from the filtrate.
What happens during the secretion step of urine formation?
During secretion, remaining salts and urea are actively transported from the surrounding blood capillaries into the nephron tubules to form final urine.
How much blood do the kidneys filter each day?
The kidneys filter about 200 liters of blood each day, cleaning all the blood in the body once every 30 minutes.
How does sweating help regulate body temperature in summer?
Sweating helps regulate body temperature because the evaporation of sweat from the skin surface absorbs heat from the body, producing a cooling effect.
What is the excretory function of the lungs?
The lungs function as excretory organs by removing gaseous carbon dioxide and water vapour, which are produced during cellular respiration, through exhaled air.
How does the liver help eliminate worn-out red blood cells?
The liver helps remove bile pigments that are formed during the breakdown of exhausted red blood cells.
What are the common symptoms of a urinary tract infection (UTI)?
Common symptoms of a UTI include a strong and frequent urge to urinate, cloudy or foul-smelling urine, a burning sensation during urination, and fever if the infection reaches the kidneys.
How can small kidney stones be removed without surgery?
Small kidney stones can be easily flushed out of the ureters by drinking large amounts of water.
What does the presence of sugar in a person’s urine indicate?
The presence of sugar in urine indicates that the pancreas is not functioning normally, which is a key sign of diabetes.
Why is Willem Johan Kolff recognized as the Father of Artificial Organs?
Willem Johan Kolff is recognized as the Father of Artificial Organs because he invented the first artificial heart and artificial kidney using simple materials like sausage casings and orange juice cans.
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