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Chapter: 05. Respiration In Plants
Aerobic Respiration vs. Anaerobic Respiration
Point of Comparison
Aerobic Respiration
Anaerobic Respiration
Presence of Oxygen
Occurs in the presence of oxygen
Occurs in the absence of oxygen
Oxidation of Glucose
Glucose is completely oxidised
Glucose is oxidised incompletely (incomplete breakdown)
End-Products
Carbon dioxide (CO₂), water, and energy
Ethyl alcohol and CO₂ (in plant cells/yeast) or lactic acid (in animal/muscle cells) and energy
Energy Production
More energy is produced (stored in cells as ATP)
Very little energy is produced
Cellular Site/Organelle
Occurs inside the mitochondria and cytoplasm
Occurs in the cell cytoplasm; mitochondria are not needed
Occurrence (Organisms)
Occurs in most plants and animals (aerobes)
Occurs in a few organisms like yeast, some bacteria, and parasitic flatworms (anaerobes)
Breathing vs. Cellular Respiration
Point of Comparison
Breathing
Cellular Respiration
Type of Process
Mechanical or physical process
Biochemical process
Gaseous Exchange
Exchange of respiratory gases (O₂ and CO₂) between the atmosphere and the organism
Oxidation of glucose and production of CO₂ and H₂O inside the cell
Mechanism / Site
Takes place by simple diffusion through stomata and lenticels
Takes place inside the cells with the help of enzymes
Energy Release
No energy is released
Energy is released and stored as ATP
Respiration vs. Photosynthesis
Point of Comparison
Respiration
Photosynthesis
Cellular Occurrence
Takes place in all living cells of the body
Takes place only in green parts of the plants
Timing
Occurs all the time (day and night)
Occurs only in the presence of sunlight (during daytime)
Gas Exchange (Inputs & Outputs)
Uses oxygen (O₂) and releases carbon dioxide (CO₂)
Uses carbon dioxide (CO₂) and releases oxygen (O₂)
Glucose Pathway
Involves the breakdown of glucose
Involves the synthesis of glucose
Site / Organelle
Occurs in mitochondria
Occurs in chloroplasts
Chlorophyll Necessity
Chlorophyll is not needed
Chlorophyll is necessary
Thermodynamic Nature
Exergonic process (energy is released)
Endergonic process (energy is used/solar energy is used)
Gaseous Exchange across Different Plant Parts
Plant Part
Respiratory Structure / Organ
Mechanism of Obtaining Oxygen
Leaves
Stomata (tiny pores opening into air cavities)
Fresh air fills air cavities; O₂ diffuses into cells and CO₂ diffuses out
Young Stems
Stomata
Gaseous exchange directly through stomata (details on diffusion path not explicitly detailed in text)
Old Woody Stems
Lenticels (develop below the bark)
Ensure gaseous exchange through the lenticels
Roots
Root hairs
Extend into air spaces between soil particles and take up trapped oxygen from there
Aerobes vs. Anaerobes
Point of Comparison
Aerobes
Anaerobes
Definition
Organisms that use oxygen for respiration
Organisms that can survive and obtain energy even in the absence of oxygen
Examples
Majority of animals and plants
Yeast, some bacteria, and parasitic flatworms
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