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© Liver (Urea is formed in liver cells by the combination of ammonia and carbon dioxide).(d) 95% (Urine contains 95% water, 2.5% urea and 2.5% of other waste products).(a) Willem Johan Kolff (Willem Johan Kolff invented the first artificial heart and kidney, and is recognized as the Father of Artificial Organs).(b) E. coli (Urinary tract infection is commonly caused by bacteria E. coli).
osmoregulation30Bowman’s capsulesphincter
TrueFalse. Correction: Sweat glands remove excess of water, salts (like sodium chloride), and urea in the form of sweat. (Alternatively: Liver helps in the excretion of bile pigments and toxins).TrueFalse. Correction: Nephrons (or uriniferous tubules) are long coiled tubes/excretory units in the kidneys, whereas ureters are narrow tubes arising from the inner side of each kidney that carry urine to the urinary bladder.
Ultrafiltration: The process by which nitrogenous wastes and water are filtered from the blood as it passes through the capillaries of the glomeruli into the Bowman’s capsules.Metabolic wastes: Useless or harmful substances (like carbon dioxide, undigested food, and urea) produced at the end of various biochemical reactions occurring in the cells of living organisms.Dialysis: The artificial process of filtering blood using a machine (artificial kidney) to remove accumulated nitrogenous wastes when a person’s kidneys are damaged.
Waste Products vs. Excretory Products:Waste Products are any unusable or unwanted substances produced during metabolic processes.Excretory Products are specific metabolic wastes that are eliminated from the body and cannot be stored inside.Ureter vs. Urethra:Ureters are two narrow tubes that carry urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder.Urethra is a single median tube arising from the urinary bladder that carries and disposes of urine to the outside of the body.
Identification of Labels:A: KidneyB: UreterC: Urinary BladderD: UrethraFunction of Part C (Urinary Bladder): It is a muscular bag lying in the lower abdomen that collects and stores urine temporarily.
During summer, we sweat more in our underarm area. Sweat contains salts and water. When the sweat dries, the water evaporates, leaving the salt behind, which forms white patches on colored clothes.The liver breaks down extra amino acids to produce ammonia. It then combines this ammonia with carbon dioxide to synthesize urea, which is transported via blood to the kidneys for excretion.The common symptoms of a UTI include a strong and frequent urge for urination, cloudy and strange-smelling urine, a pain and burning sensation during urination, and a fever-like feeling if the infection reaches the kidneys.
The three steps in urine formation are:Ultrafiltration: Nitrogenous wastes and water are filtered from the blood flowing through the glomerulus capillaries into the Bowman’s capsule.Reabsorption: As the filtrate moves down the nephron tubules, useful substances like sugars, amino acids, salts, and water are reabsorbed back into the blood.Secretion: Remaining salts and urea left in the blood capillaries are secreted directly into the tubules. The remaining fluid is excreted as urine.Excretion is vital because biochemical reactions in cells produce toxic waste products like carbon dioxide, ammonia, and other nitrogenous compounds. If these wastes accumulate, they will prove harmful to the cells, alter the cell’s internal environment, and disturb the critical ionic balance within the cells, which can cause severe health problems or death.
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Answer key
Prepared by: learnloophq@gmail.com
Chapter: 06. Excretory System
Section A: Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)
Section B: Fill in the Blanks
Section C: True or False
Section D: Explanations of Terms
Section E: Differentiate the Concepts
Section F: Diagram-Based Questions
Section G: Short Answer Questions
Section H: Long Answer Questions
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