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CNMS ICSE - 7 Std
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Chapter: 07. Rise Of The Vijayanagar And Bahmani Kingdoms

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Exercises

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A. Fill in the blanks.
Vijayanagar was established by two brothers, ______________ and ______________.
Answer: Harihara I, Bukka Raya I
The Vijayanagar kingdom, which was ruled by ______________ kings, was very powerful for ______________ years and reached the heights of its glory under ______________.
Answer: sixteen, 230, Krishnadeva Raya
Each province in the Vijayanagar kingdom was placed under a ______________ who was responsible for the administration of that province.
Answer: governor
The two main sources of revenue for the Vijayanagar kingdom were ______________ and ______________.
Answer: taxes on land, trade
The Bahmani kingdom was established by ______________. It lasted for about ______________ years and was ruled by ______________ kings.
Answer: Alauddin Bahman Shah (Alauddin Hassan), 200, eighteen
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B. Match the following.
A
B
1. Krishnadeva Raya
(a) Portuguese traveller
2. Vitthalaswami Temple
(b) spartan lifestyle
3. Domingo Paes
© a brilliant military general
4. Mahmud Gawan
(d) Bijapur
5. Gol Gumbaz
(e) Vijayanagar kingdom
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Answer:
1 — © a brilliant military general
2 — (e) Vijayanagar kingdom
3 — (a) Portuguese traveller
4 — (b) spartan lifestyle
5 — (d) Bijapur
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C. Choose the correct answer.
The greatest ruler of the Vijayanagar kingdom was Harihara I/Bukka Raya I/Krishnadeva Raya.
Answer: Krishnadeva Raya
The Vijayanagar kingdom was divided into six/nine/eight provinces.
Answer: six
The province/village/district was at the bottom rung of the administrative ladder in the Vijayanagar kingdom.
Answer: village
The Bahmani kingdom reached the height of its glory under the leadership of Mahmud Gawan/Alauddin Bahman Shah/Adil Shah.
Answer: Mahmud Gawan
The Bahmani rulers patronized Hinduism/Buddhism/Islam.
Answer: Islam
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D. State whether the following are true or false. Rewrite the false statements correctly.
The founders of the Vijayanagar kingdom brought the whole of south India, from the Tungabhadra to Cape Comorin, under their control.
Answer: True
The Vijayanagar kingdom had established trade relations with the Dutch.
Answer: False. The Vijayanagar kingdom had established trade relations with the Portuguese.
Vijayanagar was one of the wealthiest kingdoms in the Deccan in 15th and 16th centuries CE.
Answer: True
Mahmud Gawan slept on a mat and ate in earthen vessels.
Answer: True
The Bahmani rulers used Persian and Arabic as court languages.
Answer: True
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E. My mixed bag
Arrange the following events in a chronological order. (a) Battle of Talikota (b) Establishment of the Vijayanagar kingdom © Reign of Krishnadeva Raya (d) Establishment of the Bahamani kingdom
Answer: (b), (d), ©, (a) ​(Explanation: Establishment of Vijayanagar in 1336 CE
math
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Establishment of Bahmani in 1347 CE
math
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Reign of Krishnadeva Raya in 1509–1530 CE
math
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Battle of Talikota in 1565 CE)
Identify the odd one out. The characteristic features of society during the Vijayanagar period: (a) Child marriage (b) Empowerment of the Brahmanas © Empowerment of all women (d) Sati system
Answer: © Empowerment of all women ​(Explanation: Women in general did not enjoy much freedom, and practices like child marriage and sati were common, meaning all women were not empowered.)
Read the two statements and choose the correct option. (A) Assertion: The Raichur Doab changed hands constantly, passing from one to the other at frequent and regular intervals. (B) Reason: The Raichur Doab was a very fertile area that lay between the river Krishna. (a) (A) is true but (B) is false. (b) Both (A) and (B) are false. © Both (A) and (B) are true, but (B) contradicts (A). (d) Both (A) and (B) are true, and (B) is the correct explanation of (A).
Answer: (d) Both (A) and (B) are true, and (B) is the correct explanation of (A).
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F. Answer the following questions in one or two words/sentences.
How did the collapse of the Sultanate impact north India?
Answer: The collapse of the Delhi Sultanate rocked north India with political turmoil and instability.
What was Krishnadeva Raya’s contribution to literature and art?
Answer: Krishnadeva Raya was a Sanskrit scholar and a Telugu poet who encouraged artists and poets at his court. He built outstanding structural marvels like the Hazar Rama Temple and the Vithalaswami Temple.
What is the significance of the Battle of Talikota?
Answer: Fought in 1565 CE, the Battle of Talikota marked the decisive defeat of the Vijayanagar kingdom by a combined alliance of Deccan sultanates, leading to the destruction of its magnificent capital city.
What measures did the Vijayanagar rulers take to develop agriculture?
Answer: They cleared forests to bring more land under cultivation and constructed irrigation works, such as tanks, dams, and canals.
Give one example to show that the Vijayanagar kings were tolerant and liberal.
Answer: They maintained a liberal outlook by employing Muslims in their army and administration without any religious discrimination.
Name any one foreign traveller whose observations are an important source of information about the Vijayanagar kingdom.
Answer: Domingo Paes (from Portugal) or Abdur Razzaq (from Persia).
What was the extent of the Bahmani kingdom?
Answer: The Bahmani kingdom stretched from the Arabian Sea in the west to the Bay of Bengal in the east, containing the entire northern Deccan with the river Krishna forming its southern boundary.
Give one example to show that Mahmud Gawan was a patron of learning.
Answer: He built a famous madrasa (college) at the capital city of Bidar and donated his personal collection of 3,000 books to its library.
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G. Give reasons for the following.
Why were there no major social or cultural changes in the Vijayanagar kingdom?
Answer: The rulers actively revived ancient Vedic customs and maintained a highly conservative society governed strictly by traditional religious norms and a rigid caste system.
Why was Krishnadeva Raya considered the greatest ruler of the Vijayanagar kingdom by many historians?
Answer: He built the strongest military empire in South India through key victories, fostered economic prosperity via foreign trade and irrigation, and generously patronized exceptional art, monumental architecture, and literature.
Why were the sultans of the Deccan easily overpowered by the Mughal emperors of the north?
Answer: After the fall of Vijayanagar, the Deccan sultans lost their common enemy, became complacent, and squandered their wealth and military energy in constant mutual warfare, making them easy targets for the Mughals.
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H. Answer the following questions briefly.
What did Krishnadeva Raya do to make the Vijayanagar kingdom powerful and prosperous?
Answer:
Military Expansion: He annexed the fertile Raichur Doab, establishing the empire as the premier military force in South India.
Trade and Commerce: He encouraged trade with the Portuguese on the Malabar Coast and levied custom duties to boost state revenue.
Agricultural Development: He increased crop yields by building a vast network of irrigation canals, reservoirs, and dams.
Mention two important features of each of the following in the Vijayanagar kingdom: (a) central government (b) provincial government
Answer:
(a) Central Government:
The king was an absolute monarch whose word was law, and he was worshipped as God’s representative on earth.
The king was assisted by a specialized council of ministers chosen by himself.
(b) Provincial Government:
The empire was divided into six provinces, called rajyas or mandalams.
Each province was run by an appointed governor who handled local administration and collected taxes.
Vijayanagar was one of the wealthiest kingdoms in the 15th and 16th centuries CE. Explain.
Answer: The kingdom’s wealth came from agricultural surplus and flourishing trade. The state treasury collected systematically assessed land revenues and heavy custom duties. Bazaars overflowed with precious items like diamonds, rubies, pearls, and emeralds sold openly, and foreign imports included Chinese silks, Sri Lankan elephants, and Arabian horses.
Describe (a) the importance of trade in Vijayanagar and (b) the position of women in society.
Answer:
(a) Importance of Trade: Trade brought massive wealth to the empire. Highly demanded items like spices, cotton cloth, sugar, rice, and sandalwood were exported, while luxury goods like silk, warhorses, and elephants were imported.
(b) Position of Women: Women were respected but faced limited social freedom. Prevalent practices included child marriage and sati. However, some upper-class women enjoyed privileges, occupied high stations, and engaged in political, literary, and cultural pursuits.
Discuss the conflict between the Vijayanagar and Bahmani kingdoms over the Raichur Doab.
Answer: The Raichur Doab was an incredibly fertile piece of land situated between the Krishna and Tungabhadra rivers. Because it generated immense tax revenue, both kingdoms fought continuously to control it. The Doab constantly changed hands during their two-century-long struggle, which only ended with the crushing defeat of Vijayanagar at the Battle of Talikota in 1565 CE.
Give an account of the achievements of Mahmud Gawan.
Answer:
Military Success: He expanded the Bahmani kingdom’s frontiers and successfully seized the critical port of Goa from Vijayanagar.
Administrative Reforms: He systematically encouraged agriculture to strengthen the state economy.
Promotion of Learning: He founded a major college (madrasa) in Bidar, endowed it with a library of 3,000 books, and funded scholarships for poor students.
Personal Conduct: He maintained a highly spartan, selfless lifestyle and spent his earnings supporting the needy.
What was the actual position of the Bahmani kings in the administrative set-up?
Answer: On paper, the Bahmani sultan was an absolute, all-powerful autocrat. However, in reality, his power depended entirely on the strength of his army. Weak sultans were easily dominated and controlled by influential nobles and Islamic theologians (ulemas).
What did the Bahmani rulers do to patronize Islam?
Answer: They constructed majestic mosques in Gulbarga and Bidar, founded Islamic schools (madrasas) and libraries to encourage religious study, and designated Persian and Arabic as the official languages of the royal court.
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I. Source-based questions
Picture study: This is a picture of the ruins of the capital city of a powerful kingdom in the Deccan, which was founded by two brothers. (a) Identify the city and name the kingdom. (b) Who was the greatest ruler of this kingdom? © Mention any five achievements of this ruler. (d) Describe briefly the capital city of this kingdom.
Answer:
(a) The city is Hampi, and the kingdom is the Vijayanagar kingdom.
(b) Krishnadeva Raya.
© Five achievements:
Defeated rival states and annexed the rich Raichur Doab.
Improved agriculture by constructing dams and canals.
Prompted trade with the Portuguese to enrich the treasury.
Authored literary works in Telugu and Sanskrit.
Commissioned the historic Vithalaswami and Hazar Rama temples.
(d) The capital was a highly developed city enclosed by seven concentric protective walls spanning 96 kilometers. It featured well-laid paved streets, lush gardens, lakes, grand palaces, and beautifully decorated temples. Its bustling bazaars openly sold precious gems and jewelry.
Read and answer: Read the passage below of Domingo Paes’s account, and answer the questions that follow. ​This city is the best-provided city in the world, and is stocked with provisions such as rice, wheat, grains, Indian-corn, and a certain amount of barley and beans, moong, pulses, horse-gram, and many other seeds which grow in this country which are the food of the people. (a) To which kingdom does the city mentioned above belong to? (b) What does this passage say about the economy and administration of the kingdom?
Answer:
(a) The Vijayanagar kingdom (specifically, its capital city Hampi).
(b) This passage shows that the kingdom had a highly productive, flourishing agricultural economy. Culturally and administratively, it reflects an efficient governance system that successfully managed food distribution, storage, and markets, ensuring that even a huge population remained well-provided with basic necessities.
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J. Map work
Task: On an outline map of the Indian subcontinent, mark and label the areas under the Vijayanagar and the Bahmani kingdoms.
Answer (Guidelines for marking):
Bahmani Kingdom: Shade the northern Deccan plateau region. Its southern boundary should run along the Krishna River, extending west to the Arabian Sea and east to the Bay of Bengal. Mark its major capitals, Gulbarga and Bidar.
Vijayanagar Kingdom: Shade the entire southern tip of India starting below the Tungabhadra River all the way to Cape Comorin (Kanyakumari). Mark its capital, Hampi (Vijayanagar), along the Tungabhadra River.
Raichur Doab: Mark and label the wedge-shaped land between the Krishna and Tungabhadra rivers where the two kingdoms meet.
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Do and Learn

A. Use your imagination
Model Travel Report:
A Report on the Grandeur of Vijayanagar ​By Companion to Domingo Paes
Upon entering the great city of Vijayanagar with Señor Paes, I was left utterly speechless. The city is massive, guarded by seven concentric stone walls that stretch as far as the eye can see.
The feature that appealed to me the most was the bustling Great Bazaar near the Hazar Rama Temple. Unlike the dark, cramped markets of Europe, the streets here are broad, beautifully paved, and lined with fine mansions. In the open market square, merchants sit on silk rugs selling heaps of loose diamonds, rubies, and pearls as if they were common grains! Every single citizen, from the humble cart-puller to the noble, wears exquisite gold jewelry and sweet-scented fresh roses. The sheer prosperity and peace maintained by King Krishnadeva Raya’s administration make this city a true paradise on Earth.
B. Role play
Guidelines:
Divide into small groups and select a popular Tenali Raman folklore story (such as “Tenali Raman and the Three Thieves” or “The Golden Mangoes”).
Assign roles: one student acts as the wise and witty Tenali Raman, another as King Krishnadeva Raya, and others as the guards, ministers, or thieves.
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