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CNMS ICSE - 7 Std
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Chapter: 09. Akbar

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How old was Akbar when he was proclaimed emperor of the Mughal Empire?
Akbar was thirteen years old when he was proclaimed emperor.
Who occupied Delhi and Agra in 1556 CE and declared himself the ruler?
Hemu, the chief minister and general of Adil Shah, occupied Delhi and Agra and declared himself ruler in 1556 CE.
What was the outcome of the Second Battle of Panipat in 1556 CE?
The Second Battle of Panipat resulted in the defeat and death of Hemu, which crushed Afghan power and secured Akbar’s throne.
At what age and in what year did Akbar take full control of the state affairs?
Akbar took absolute power of the state affairs in 1560 CE at the age of eighteen.
Which territory was conquered by Akbar in 1564 CE and later restored to its local ruler?
Gondwana was conquered by Akbar in 1564 CE and was later restored to its local ruler.
What matrimonial alliances did Akbar make to establish friendly relationships with the Rajputs?
Akbar married the daughter of the Raja of Jaipur (Amber) and proposed to marry the daughter of Udai Singh, the Rana of Mewar, to build friendly relations.
Where did Rana Udai Singh establish his new capital after escaping from Chittor?
Rana Udai Singh established his new capital at Udaipur after escaping to the hills.
Who led the Mughal forces against Rana Pratap in the Battle of Haldighati in 1576 CE?
Raja Man Singh of Amber led the Mughal forces against Rana Pratap in the Battle of Haldighati.
Which north-western territories did Akbar secure in his campaigns between 1585 and 1595 CE?
Akbar conquered Kashmir, Kandahar, Lower Sind, and Eastern Balochistan during his campaigns in the north-west.
What were the main duties of the official known as the mir bakshi in Akbar’s central administration?
The mir bakshi was the head of the military department and served as the paymaster of all mansabdars.
What was the role of the vakil in Akbar’s council of ministers?
The vakil served as the prime minister but held no effective authority, acting only as an advisory, ceremonial head.
How did Akbar address the grievances of his general subjects?
Akbar met his subjects in the Diwan-i-Aam to receive petitions, listen to their problems, and resolve cases on the spot.
Who was responsible for administering civil and military affairs in each province or suba?
A governor called the subedar was placed in charge of both military and civil affairs in each province.
What does the non-hereditary nature of the mansab mean under the Mansabdari system?
The non-hereditary nature of a mansab meant that after the death of a mansabdar, the jagir reverted back to the king rather than passing to the mansabdar’s heirs.
Who was Akbar’s brilliant revenue minister who introduced key land reforms?
Raja Todar Mal was Akbar’s brilliant revenue minister who designed the land revenue reforms.
How was the state share of land revenue determined under Todar Mal’s Bandobast?
The king’s share was determined as one-third of the average produce of the land calculated over the preceding ten years.
What relief did the state provide to farmers if crops failed due to natural disasters like floods or droughts?
The state granted remission of land revenue and provided loans in easy installments to buy seeds, cattle, and implements.
What were the primary items of export from India during Akbar’s reign?
The main export items were textiles, spices, indigo, and saltpetre.
Which taxes did Akbar abolish to promote religious tolerance among his subjects?
Akbar abolished the jizya tax on non-Muslims and the pilgrim tax on Hindus visiting holy places.
What was the primary objective behind Akbar’s announcement of the Din-i-Ilahi?
The objective of Din-i-Ilahi was to establish a religious order acceptable to all communities that promoted universal brotherhood and national unity.
What were the age limits set by Akbar’s social reforms to discourage child marriage?
The minimum age of marriage was raised to fourteen years for girls and sixteen years for boys.
What change did Akbar introduce to the educational system to promote religious harmony?
Akbar shifted the educational focus from religious scriptures to secular subjects like mathematics, agriculture, logic, history, and astronomy.
Who wrote the famous Hindi text Ramacharitamanas during the reign of Akbar?
Tulsidas, the greatest Hindi author of that time, wrote the Ramacharitamanas.
Name at least three prominent buildings constructed in Akbar’s capital city, Fatehpur Sikri.
The prominent buildings constructed in Fatehpur Sikri are the Diwan-i-Khas, Panch Mahal, Jodha Bai’s Palace, and the Buland Darwaza.
List the names of the nine gems (navratnas) who adorned Akbar’s court.
The nine gems were Abul Fazl, Faizi, Birbal, Todar Mal, Raja Man Singh, Raja Birbal Das, Fakir Aziao-Din, Mullah Do Piyaza, and Tansen.
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