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Chapter: 02. Physical And Chemical Changes

⁠
In cooking rice, the heating represents the cause of change, while the softening of rice is the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.
effect
Changes that occur naturally and are beyond the control of human beings are called _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ changes.
natural
The growth of a seedling into a tree is classified as a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ change because it takes many years to complete.
slow
Striking a matchstick against the rough surface of a matchbox is an example of a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ change.
fast
Spoilage of food and the occurrence of diseases are examples of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ changes because they are harmful to humankind.
undesirable
Cutting down trees is desirable for making paper but undesirable because it causes _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ and flooding.
soil erosion
Changes that occur at fixed intervals of time, such as the swinging of a pendulum, are called _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ changes.
periodic
The eruption of volcanoes and the occurrence of landslides are _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ changes as they do not happen at fixed intervals of time.
non-periodic
A change that can be reversed easily by reversing the conditions to obtain the original substance is called a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ change.
reversible
The chemical composition of substances remains the same during a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ change.
physical
The process during which a liquid changes into its solid state at a fixed temperature on cooling is called _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.
freezing
The process of a liquid changing into its vapour at temperatures below its boiling point is known as _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.
evaporation
Evaporation takes place only from the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ of the liquid, whereas boiling takes place throughout the liquid.
surface
The rate of evaporation is affected by temperature, surface area, wind speed, and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.
humidity
The process of change of a solid directly into gas on heating is called _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.
sublimation
The process of a gas changing directly into a solid on cooling is called _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.
deposition
The browning of cut apple slices left in the open is a chemical change caused by the action of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.
oxygen
When green plants perform photosynthesis, they produce _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ and oxygen in the presence of sunlight and chlorophyll.
glucose
Zinc reacts with dilute hydrochloric acid to produce zinc chloride and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ gas.
hydrogen
The chemical name of the reddish-brown rust formed on an iron nail is hydrated _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.
iron oxide
When iron filings and sulphur powder are heated strongly, they combine chemically to form a new compound called _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.
iron sulphide
The black residue formed when sugar is heated strongly is called _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.
charred sugar
A change in which heat energy is absorbed from the surroundings is called an _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ change.
endothermic
When quicklime is dissolved in water, heat is released, which makes this process an _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ change.
exothermic
During the burning of a candle, the melting of wax is a physical change, while the burning of wax vapour is a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ change.
chemical
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