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Chapter: 11. Bhakti And Sufi Movements

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SECTION A: MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS

© Moinuddin Chishti
(b) Disciple
(b) Shankara Jnaneswara
(d) Aurangzeb
(a) Ratan Singh Rathore of Merta
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SECTION B: FILL IN THE BLANKS

Sufi, Bhakti (or Bhakti, Sufi)
Muslim weaver
silsilas
Tamil
Shaheed Diwas
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SECTION C: TRUE OR FALSE

False. The advent of Islam in India preceded (came before) the establishment of the Delhi Sultanate.
True.
False. Kabir preached his message through simple, beautiful Hindi poems called dohas. (Abhangas were written by Shankara Jnaneswara).
True.
False. The Bhakti and Sufi saints preached in the language of the common people, which led to the development of local languages.
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SECTION D: EXPLANATION OF TERMS

Silsilas: These were monastic organizations established by the Sufis, such as the Chishti and Suhrawardi orders, which became popular in India.
Monotheism: It is the belief that there is only one God.
Gurumat: It refers to the “guru’s doctrine.” It is another name by which Sikhism is referred to, reflecting the central position of the guru.
Dohas: These are simple, beautiful Hindi verses/poems used by Sant Kabir to spread his message of unity and devotion.
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SECTION E: IDENTIFY AND DIFFERENTIATE CONCEPTS

Feature
Alvars (Always)
Nayanars
Primary Deity Worshipped
Lord Vishnu
Lord Shiva
Region of Origin
South India (Tamil-speaking region)
South India (Tamil-speaking region)
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SECTION F: OBSERVATION-BASED / DIAGRAM QUESTION

The monument is Moinuddin Chishti’s dargah, located in Ajmer.
Moinuddin Chishti is buried at this site. He was the founder of the Sufi Movement in India.
It is a highly significant pilgrimage center because it is respected and visited by both Muslims and Hindus, symbolizing communal harmony and unity.
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SECTION G: SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS

People of the lower castes, especially the Shudras, were not permitted to study the Sanskrit religious texts and therefore could not understand the hymns and mantras.
Any two from: Andal, Mirabai, Janabai (Bhakti saints) or Rabia Basri and Bibi Fatima Sam (Sufi mystics).
The five Ks are: (a) kesh (hair), (b) kanga (comb), © kachha (shorts), (d) kirpan (sword), and (e) kara (steel bracelet).
Because the Bhakti and Sufi movements gave common people, especially of the lower castes, free access to the truths of Hindu philosophy in their own languages, religious conversions slowed down during this period.
The commentary on the Bhagavad Gita was written in Marathi by Shankara Jnaneswara (Sant Dnyaneshwar) and was called Jnaneswari.
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SECTION H: LONG ANSWER QUESTIONS

Causes for the rise of the Sufi Movement:
Religious differences and bitter quarrels arose between the Shia and Sunni sects of the Muslim community after the death of Prophet Muhammad, threatening the principles of brotherhood and monotheism.
There was an increasing tendency among Muslim rulers and nobles to lead lives of luxury, opulence, and indulgence, which opposed the Islamic principles of simple living and piety.
In response to these trends, Sufism arose as a liberal reform movement to restore unity, harmony, and simplicity within Muslim society.
Teachings of Guru Nanak and the Guru Granth Sahib:
Core Teachings: Guru Nanak taught that there is only one God who is the creator of the universe; all human beings are equal and the caste system must be rejected; everyone should lead a pure life based on truth and kindness; and true spiritual knowledge can be gained under the guidance of a guru.
Guru Granth Sahib: The last of the ten Sikh gurus, Guru Gobind Singh, transferred the authority of the guru to the holy scriptures called the Adi Granth. It came to be known as the Guru Granth Sahib, containing the teachings of all the gurus, and serves as the eternal guide or guru for the Sikhs.
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