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CNMS ICSE - 7 Std
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Chapter: 02. Spread Of Christianity

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SECTION A: MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS

© 5th century CE
(b) Frederick I
(b) Taxila
© Byzantium
© Michelangelo
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SECTION B: FILL IN THE BLANKS

Constantinople
barbarian invasions
nuns
Acre
parchment
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SECTION C: TRUE OR FALSE

True
False. (The Crusades failed to achieve their main objective of recovering their holy land, as Jerusalem ultimately remained under Muslim control under the treaty of the Third Crusade.)
True
False. (The Byzantine Empire was resilient, successfully withstood the barbarian onslaughts, and preserved the legacies of the Roman Empire.)
True
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SECTION D: EXPLANATION OF TERMS

Feudalism: A form of government in medieval Europe based on landholding, where the king granted land to lords in exchange for military support.
Crusades: Holy wars waged by the Christians against the Turks between the 11th and 13th centuries CE to recover Jerusalem and the lands of the Christian emperor of Constantinople.
Abbey: A large church, together with a group of buildings in which the community of monks or nuns lived.
Secular: Matters or subjects that are not connected with spiritual, religious, or church affairs.
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SECTION E: DIAGRAM-BASED / OBSERVATION QUESTIONS

The two social welfare facilities are hospitals (to treat the sick and wounded) and schools (to educate children).
Monks had to copy books by hand because the printing press and paper had not yet been invented. They used parchment to write these manuscripts.
Any two of the following: Architecture, mural painting, woodcarving, and stained glass painting.
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SECTION F: SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS

The three leaders were Richard I (Richard the Lionheart) of England, Philip I of France, and the Holy Roman Emperor, Frederick I (Frederick Barbarossa).
The Crusaders learned the use of gunpowder and guns from the Turks. This made armored feudal knights obsolete and no longer useful, which weakened the military dominance of the feudal lords.
As the wealth and power of the Church multiplied, it grew conservative and demanded unqualified obedience, loyalty, and complete submission to its dictates from all Christians.
Christian monasteries originally built schools and libraries for study. Over time, these monastery-based educational centers evolved into secular, internationally renowned universities such as Oxford and Cambridge.
Priests were members of the clergy who had to live directly among the common people to preach and perform rites. Monks, however, were pious priests who chose to live in remote, isolated monasteries far away from human habitation.
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SECTION G: LONG ANSWER QUESTIONS

Western vs. Eastern Roman Empire & Christianity as a Unifying Force:
The Western Roman Empire suffered repeated attacks and plundering by Germanic tribes (Goths, Vandals, Franks) known as the barbarian invasions. Combined with political and economic crises, this led to its disintegration by the end of the 5th century CE.
The Eastern Roman Empire (Byzantium), with its capital at Constantinople, was far more resilient. It successfully survived the barbarian onslaughts and preserved the cultural legacy of Rome.
Christianity as a Unifying Force: As the political unity of Western Europe shattered, new centers of power were needed. Christianity and the Roman Church provided a singular, unifying spiritual and cultural framework that brought the fractured European populations and converted Germanic tribes together.
Impacts of the Crusades:
Cultural & Educational (Renaissance): Travel to the holy land brought Crusaders into contact with the superior Greek and Turkish civilizations. They assimilated these advanced cultural elements, starting a revival of Western learning that paved the way for the Renaissance.
Economic Prosperity: The Crusaders developed a taste for Eastern luxury items. European merchants established new trade links with the East to satisfy this demand, which caused the European economy to flourish and led to the rise of new towns.
Social and Political: The growth of trade allowed merchants to pay taxes to the king to maintain a standing army. This strengthened the central authority of kings while reducing the power of feudal lords.
Monastery Structure & Welfare Activities:
Structure: A monastery (or abbey) was a large, strong, and simple building surrounded by gardens, orchards, fields, and ponds. Inside, it contained a small church, living quarters for the monks and nuns, a kitchen, storerooms, and was often attached to hospitals, schools, and libraries.
Welfare Activities:
Monks and nuns educated local children in schools.
They treated the sick, injured, and oppressed in their hospitals.
They grew medicinal herbs in their gardens, helping progress botanical knowledge.
They cultivated barren lands to make them productive, and offered free food, clothing, and shelter to travelers and the poor.
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SECTION H: DIFFERENTIATE BETWEEN CONCEPTS

Monks: Male priests who chose a life of isolation, did not marry, and lived in buildings called monasteries.
Nuns: Female religious followers who did not marry, devoted their lives to service, and lived in separate buildings called nunneries or convents.
The First Crusade: Concluded with the Christian Crusaders successfully capturing Jerusalem (the holy land) from the Muslims.
The Third Crusade: Concluded with a treaty where Jerusalem remained under Muslim control (under Saladin), but unarmed Christian pilgrims were permitted to visit the city.
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