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Chapter: 10. Jahangir Shah Jahan And Aurangzeb

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What was the political situation of the Mughal empire when Jahangir inherited it from Akbar?
Jahangir inherited a kingdom that was among the largest, most prosperous, and probably the best organized in the medieval world.
How did Jahangir treat Rana Amar Singh of Mewar after the Rana was defeated?
Jahangir treated the Rana of Mewar with courtesy, allowing him to retain his territory and appointing his son as a military commander in the imperial army.
Why did Ahmadnagar remain outside Mughal control by the end of Jahangir’s reign?
Ahmadnagar remained outside Mughal control because it reasserted its independence after Prince Khurram’s initial victory.
What artistic talents and fashion trends did Nur Jahan introduce to the Mughal court?
Nur Jahan was highly creative and started new fashion trends by designing unique varieties of silk and cotton fabrics, jewelry, and carpets.
How did Nur Jahan use her high position and political influence to strengthen her family’s standing?
Nur Jahan used her influence to appoint her father, brother, and other relatives to important administrative posts and arranged the marriage of her niece, Mumtaz Mahal, to Prince Khurram.
What was the purpose of the golden “chain of justice” installed by Jahangir?
The chain of justice was installed so that any aggrieved citizen could ring the bells to directly seek personal justice from Jahangir.
Why is Shah Jahan’s reign referred to as the Golden Age of the Mughal empire?
Shah Jahan’s reign is considered the Golden Age because of its grand splendor, cultural brilliance, and legendary achievements in architecture.
What materials and decorations make up the structure of the Taj Mahal?
The Taj Mahal is constructed of pure white marble and is lavishly decorated with semi-precious stones and delicate, lace-like screens.
Why did Shah Jahan reconstruct many of the earlier sandstone structures at Agra Fort?
Shah Jahan reconstructed those structures because of his intense artistic passion for replacing red sandstone with white marble.
What was the significant feature of the Red Fort’s Diwan-i-Khas?
The Diwan-i-Khas featured a silver ceiling and marble walls decorated with gold and semi-precious stones.
How long did it take to complete the construction of the golden Peacock Throne?
It took seven years of intensive craftsmanship to complete the construction of the golden Peacock Throne.
What was the ultimate fate of Shah Jahan after his son Aurangzeb seized power?
Shah Jahan was kept as a prisoner in the Agra Fort for eight years until he died in 1666 CE.
How did Aurangzeb divide the roughly fifty years of his imperial reign?
Aurangzeb spent the first twenty-four years of his reign managing affairs in northern India and the remaining twenty-six years fighting in the Deccan.
What were the main factors responsible for the outbreak of numerous revolts during Aurangzeb’s early reign?
The revolts were primarily triggered by the unwieldy vastness of the empire and Aurangzeb’s unpopular administrative changes, such as reversing Akbar’s religious policies.
Why did the annexation of Bijapur and Golconda prove to be a harmful decision for the Mughal empire?
These annexations made the empire too vast and unwieldy to administer efficiently while bringing the Mughals into direct, ruinous conflict with the Marathas.
What action did Rajaram take after the Mughal forces captured the Maratha capital and imprisoned Shahu?
Rajaram managed to escape from the Mughal forces and successfully carried on the armed struggle against them.
Where did Aurangzeb die in 1707 CE after his failed campaigns in the Deccan?
Aurangzeb died in Ahmadnagar in 1707 CE as a weary, broken, and defeated man.
What were the financial consequences of Aurangzeb’s long military campaign against the Marathas?
The prolonged wars completely drained the immense treasures of the Mughal treasury and ruined the economy of the Deccan.
How did Aurangzeb’s prolonged absence from northern India affect the local administration?
His long absence from the north led to a severe slackening of the administration, resulting in widespread corruption, lawlessness, and disorder.
How did provincial governors exploit the weak rule of Aurangzeb’s successors?
Provincial governors took advantage of the weak central government to break away and establish their own independent kingdoms in the provinces.
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