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Chapter: 02. Kingdom Classification

⁠
The branch of biology that deals with naming and classifying organisms is called _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.
Taxonomy
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ introduced the first process of classification and is known as the Father of Biology.
Aristotle
Carl von Linnaeus laid the foundation of modern biological classification and published his work in the year 1735 in a book titled _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.
Systeme Naturae
The basic unit of classification, representing a group of closely related organisms that can breed among themselves to produce fertile offspring, is the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.
species
In the oldest classification system proposed by Linnaeus in 1758, organisms were divided into two kingdoms based on their ability to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.
make food
The Three-Kingdom system of classification, which placed all unicellular organisms into a separate kingdom called Protista, was proposed by _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.
Ernst H. Haeckel
The Five-Kingdom system of classification, which divides the living world into Monera, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia, was proposed by the American ecologist _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.
R. H. Whittaker
Monerans are characterized as the simplest unicellular and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ organisms because they lack a defined nucleus and membrane-bound cell organelles.
prokaryotic
The bacterium _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ resides in the human intestine and synthesizes vitamin B-complex to help in the digestion and absorption of food.
Escherichia coli
The industrial process of separating Jute, Hemp, and Flex fibres is carried out through fermentation by the pond water bacterium _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.
Clostridium butylecum
The biological conversion of ammonia in the soil to nitrates is performed by Nitrobacter bacteria in a process called _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.
nitrification
Free-living denitrifying bacteria such as Pseudomonas convert nitrates from wastes and dead organic bodies into _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.
nitrogen gas
Unicellular eukaryotic organisms like Amoeba, Euglena, and Paramecium belong to Kingdom _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.
Protista
During unfavourable environmental conditions, Amoeba undergoes multiple fission by forming a protective three-layered structure called a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.
cyst
Except for unicellular yeast, Fungi are non-green multicellular eukaryotes whose cell walls are uniquely formed of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.
chitin
The body of a multicellular filamentous fungus is called a mycelium, which is composed of thread-like structures called _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.
hyphae
Fungi that grow in a mutually dependent, symbiotic relationship with blue-green algae are known as _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.
lichens
Bread moulds digest stale bread by secreting digestive enzymes outside their body, a process known as _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ digestion.
extracellular
In 1929, Alexander Fleming discovered the first wonder drug, penicillin, from the contaminate mould _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.
Penicillium notatum
Nonflowering plants that do not bear flowers, seeds, and fruits are collectively called _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.
cryptogams
A plant body that is simple and not distinguished into true roots, stem, and leaves is called a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.
thallus
Large marine brown algae, known as _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _, are among the largest known plants and can grow up to 60 metres in length.
kelp
Bryophytes are commonly known as the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ plants because they cannot survive and reproduce without moisture.
amphibian
Mosses lack true roots but anchor themselves to shady, damp surfaces using thread-like structures called _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.
rhizoids
The underground modified stem of pteridophytes, such as ferns, is scientifically referred to as a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.
rhizome
Small, rounded spore-bearing bodies found on the undersurface of fern leaves are called _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.
sori
Seed-bearing flowering plants with well-developed roots, stems, and leaves are called _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.
phanerogams
Gymnosperms do not produce true flowers or fruits; instead, they reproduce by bearing male and female _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.
cones
The seeds of angiosperms develop within an enclosed female floral structure called the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.
ovary
In gymnosperms, vascular tissues are slightly primitive because the xylem lacks vessels and the phloem lacks _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.
companion cells
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