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What is electric current?Electric current is the flow of electric charges due to the movement of free electrons in a particular direction from an excess region to a deficit region.What are the three subatomic particles that make up an atom?The three subatomic particles that make up an atom are protons, which are positively charged, electrons, which are negatively charged, and neutrons, which carry no charge.How is the SI unit of electric current, the Ampere, defined?One Ampere is defined as the current flowing through an electrical conductor when one Coulomb of charge passes through it in one second.What is potential difference?Potential difference is defined as the amount of work done in moving a unit charge from one point to another in an electrical circuit.Why does conventional current flow in the opposite direction to the movement of electrons?Conventional current is historically defined as flowing from the positive to the negative terminal of a battery, whereas free electrons physically flow from the negative terminal, which has an excess of electrons, to the positive terminal.What is the fundamental difference between a primary cell and a secondary cell?A primary cell relies on an irreversible chemical reaction and cannot be recharged, whereas a secondary cell relies on a reversible chemical reaction, allowing it to be recharged and reused.What are the key chemical components and electrolyte used inside a simple dry cell?A dry cell consists of a zinc container negative electrode, a central carbon rod positive electrode surrounded by manganese dioxide and carbon, and a moist paste of ammonium chloride and plaster of Paris acting as the electrolyte.What is the main function of an electric generator?The main function of an electric generator is to convert mechanical energy into electrical energy by rotating a conductor, such as a copper wire, inside a magnetic field.How is electricity generated from wind?Electricity is generated from wind when the kinetic energy of the blowing wind rotates the blades of a windmill, which in turn rotates a generator to produce electric current.What is an electric circuit?An electric circuit is a complete and closed path through which electric current flows from one terminal of a power source to another.What is a resistor, and what does it do in an electrical circuit?A resistor is an electrical component with resistance that is designed to limit, regulate, or oppose the flow of electric current in a circuit.Why are electrical circuits generally made of metallic wires like copper?Electrical circuits are made of metallic wires like copper because metals are excellent conductors of electricity that easily allow current to pass through them.What happens in a series circuit if one of the connected appliances gets damaged or is removed?In a series circuit, if one appliance gets damaged or is removed, the entire circuit is broken and all other appliances connected in the series stop working immediately.Why is a parallel circuit preferred over a series circuit for household wiring?A parallel circuit is preferred for household wiring because it ensures that each appliance gets the original voltage and operates independently, so that if one appliance is damaged, the others continue to work.What safety precautions should be taken when performing electrical repairs or working with electrical circuits?You must always stand on an insulator such as a rubber mat or wooden board, avoid touching appliances or switches with wet hands, and use only certified, properly insulated wires.How does a Miniature Circuit Breaker (MCB) protect electrical appliances compared to a traditional fuse?A Miniature Circuit Breaker is an automatically operated safety device that detects slight current fluctuations more sensitively than a fuse and interrupts the current without needing wire replacement, allowing it to be easily reset.
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Chapter: 07. Electricity
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