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Chapter: 05. Expansion Of The Delhi Sultanate The Khilji And The Tughlaq Dynasties

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Who founded the Khilji dynasty after capturing the throne from the last Mamluk ruler?
Jalaluddin Khilji founded the Khilji dynasty in 1290 CE by capturing the throne of Delhi from the last ruler of the Mamluk dynasty.
Why did Jalaluddin Khilji’s generous treatment of rebellious nobles lead to problems in his kingdom?
His generous and forgiving attitude weakened state authority, which ultimately led to lawlessness and revolts across the kingdom.
How did Alauddin Khilji remove obstacles to the throne after murdering Jalaluddin?
He secured the throne by bribing the nobles with rich gifts and having Jalaluddin’s sons and grandsons either blinded or killed.
Which areas in Malwa were captured by Alauddin Khilji’s forces after the fall of Chittor?
Following the fall of Chittor, Alauddin’s forces captured the important Malwa cities of Mandu, Ujjain, Dhar, and Chanderi.
What was the primary objective behind Alauddin Khilji’s Deccan policy?
His primary objective was to acquire immense wealth from the southern rulers to pay for his huge standing army and administrative machinery without annexing their territories.
How did Alauddin Khilji punish merchants who cheated customers by using short weights?
Any merchant caught using short weights was punished by having an amount of flesh equivalent to the deficiency in weight cut off from his body.
Name the prominent fort and the palace built in Delhi by Alauddin Khilji.
Alauddin Khilji built the Siri Fort and the Palace of Thousand Pillars in Delhi.
How did Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq restore peace and stability to the Delhi Sultanate?
He restored peace and stability by being an efficient administrator, suppressing revolts in distant provinces, and introducing welfare reforms for his subjects.
What subjects had Muhammad bin Tughlaq mastered during his lifetime?
Muhammad bin Tughlaq had mastered logic, philosophy, mathematics, astronomy, physical sciences, Persian literature, poetry, calligraphy, fine arts, and music.
Why did Muhammad bin Tughlaq’s taxation scheme in the Ganga-Yamuna Doab end in failure?
The scheme failed because the tax increase coincided with a severe famine, and the ruthless collection methods forced ruined peasants to abandon their lands and flee to the jungles.
What two reasons prompted Muhammad bin Tughlaq to transfer his capital from Delhi to Devagiri?
He transferred the capital because Devagiri was centrally located within his expanded empire and was at a safe distance from repeated Mongol invasions.
Why did Muhammad bin Tughlaq’s token currency experiment collapse?
The experiment collapsed because the government failed to make the minting of coins a state monopoly, which allowed citizens to easily produce counterfeit brass and copper coins.
Why did Muhammad bin Tughlaq abandon his planned military expedition to Khurasan, Persia, and Iraq?
He abandoned the expedition because he realized it would be highly impractical to send such a massive army across the snowy Himalayan passes.
Which two powerful southern kingdoms were established as a result of revolts during Muhammad bin Tughlaq’s reign?
The Hindu Vijayanagar kingdom and the Muslim Bahmani kingdom were established in the south during his reign.
What major economic reforms did Firoz Shah Tughlaq introduce to help peasants?
He reduced land taxes in the Doab, cancelled all famine-era loans, abolished many unnecessary taxes, and built canals, wells, and dams to boost agriculture.
How did Firoz Shah Tughlaq reform the judicial system of the Delhi Sultanate?
He made the judicial system humane by abolishing the savage practice of torturing suspects and ensuring that guilty individuals received mild punishments.
What department did Firoz Shah Tughlaq establish for the welfare of vulnerable citizens?
He established a charity department specifically for the benefit of widows, orphans, and other needy individuals.
Why did Firoz Shah Tughlaq fail to recover the provinces that became independent during the Tughlaq rule?
He failed to recover them because he lacked the basic qualities of a strong military leader and chose not to pursue the independent provinces.
How did the rule of the Sayyid dynasty come to an end in 1451 CE?
The Sayyid dynasty came to an end in 1451 CE when it was replaced by an Afghan dynasty called the Lodis, founded by Bahlul Lodi.
What was the historical outcome of the First Battle of Panipat in 1526 CE?
In the First Battle of Panipat, Babur defeated and killed Ibrahim Lodi, bringing an end to the Delhi Sultanate and starting Mughal rule in India.
How did Firoz Shah Tughlaq’s policy toward his nobles differ from that of Alauddin Khilji?
Firoz Shah adopted a policy of conciliation by increasing the salaries of his nobles and making the iqta system hereditary, whereas Alauddin used harsh regulations to keep his nobles under strict control.
What does the term “price control” mean as defined in the context of the chapter?
Price control refers to the practice where the king or government directly regulates and fixes the prices of goods to prevent merchants from overcharging customers.
Who was Ziauddin Barani and what was his association with Muhammad bin Tughlaq?
Ziauddin Barani was a prominent political thinker and historian who served as a companion to Muhammad bin Tughlaq for seventeen years.
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