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CNMS ICSE - 7 Std
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Answer key

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Chapter: 02. Kingdom Classification

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Section A: Multiple Choice Questions

(d) Carl von Linnaeus
© Species
(b) Rhizobium
(b) Amphibians of the plant kingdom
(a) Penicillium notatum

Section B: Fill in the Blanks

nitrification
rhizoids
sori
prokaryotic
chitin

Section C: True or False

False. Gymnosperms do not produce true flowers and fruits; they bear cones. (Or: Angiosperms produce true flowers and fruits.)
True.
False. Yeast is a unicellular eukaryotic fungus.
True.
False. Monocotyledonous plants produce seeds containing only one cotyledon. (Or: Dicotyledonous plants produce seeds containing two cotyledons.)

Section D: Explanations of Terms

Cryptogams: Plants that do not bear flowers, seeds, and fruits (nonflowering plants).
Taxonomy: The branch of biology that deals with identifying, naming, and classifying organisms.
Mycelium: The body of a multicellular filamentous fungus, which is composed of several thread-like structures called hyphae.

Section E: Complete the Series

Multicellular filament / Multicellular alga
Rod-shaped bacteria
Multicellular fungus

Section F: Short Answer Questions

Gymnosperms are called “naked seed” plants because their seeds are not enclosed in a fruit or ovary; instead, they develop naked inside the cones.
Herbivorous animals like cows and buffaloes are able to digest cellulose with the help of cellulose-digesting bacteria living in their intestines. Humans lack these bacteria and therefore cannot digest cellulose.
In Amoeba, gas exchange takes place through the cell membrane. Oxygen dissolved in water diffuses into the cytoplasm, and carbon dioxide diffuses out into the surrounding water.

Section G: Diagram-Based Question

A single circular DNA molecule (naked DNA).
Flagellum (plural: flagella).
Bacteria are prokaryotes because they lack a defined nucleus (their genetic material lies naked in the cytoplasm) and they do not have membrane-bound cell organelles like mitochondria or chloroplasts.

Section H: Identifying and/or Differentiate Concepts

Algae vs. Fungi:
Nutrition: Algae have an autotrophic mode of nutrition (contain chlorophyll), while Fungi have a heterotrophic (mostly saprotrophic) mode of nutrition.
Cell Wall: Algae have a cell wall made of cellulose, while Fungi have a cell wall made of chitin.
Gymnosperms vs. Angiosperms:
Reproductive structures: Gymnosperms bear cones, while Angiosperms produce true flowers.
Seed enclosure: Gymnosperm seeds are naked, while Angiosperm seeds are enclosed within a fruit wall.
Monocots vs. Dicots:
Cotyledons: Monocots have only one cotyledon in their seeds, while Dicots have two cotyledons.
Examples: Monocots include wheat, maize, and rice. Dicots include gram, pea, and bean.

Section I: Environmental Awareness / Everyday Use

(a) The organism is a fungus called bread mould (Rhizopus or Mucor). (b) It performs extracellular digestion. It secretes digestive enzymes onto the stale bread to digest starch into glucose, which is then absorbed by its stolons.
Two uses of bacteria in the food industry:
Lactobacillus bacteria are used to ferment or curdle milk into curd (by converting lactose sugar into lactic acid).
Bacteria are used in the manufacturing of vinegar (acetic acid) by fermenting sugar solutions.

Section J: Long Answer Question

R. H. Whittaker proposed the Five-Kingdom Classification in 1969. The five kingdoms along with their characteristics are:
Kingdom Monera: Prokaryotic and unicellular (e.g., bacteria, blue-green algae).
Kingdom Protista: Eukaryotic and unicellular (e.g., Amoeba, Euglena, Paramecium).
Kingdom Fungi: Eukaryotic and multicellular (except yeast which is unicellular); heterotrophic/saprophytic (e.g., bread mould, mushrooms).
Kingdom Plantae: Eukaryotic and multicellular; autotrophic/photosynthetic green plants (e.g., mosses, ferns, flowering plants).
Kingdom Animalia: Eukaryotic and multicellular; heterotrophic animals without cell walls.
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