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CNMS ICSE - 7 Std
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Key Terms

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Chapter: 02. Kingdom Classification

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Classification: The process of grouping living organisms together on the basis of similarities and placing them into different groups on the basis of differences.
Taxonomy: The branch of biology that deals with naming and classifying organisms.
Species: A group of organisms that can breed to produce offspring, but not with organisms of other species, representing the basic unit of classification.
Nitrogen fixation: The process of converting free atmospheric nitrogen of the soil into suitable forms like nitrates which can be used by plants.
Nitrification: The process of conversion of ammonia from the soil to nitrates by Nitrobacter bacteria.
Denitrification: The process of conversion of nitrates from wastes and dead bodies into nitrogen gas, carried out by free-living denitrifying bacteria.
Binary fission: A process of multiplication where a unicellular organism splits into two daughter individuals.
Mycelium: The body of a multicellular filamentous fungus which is composed of several thread-like structures called hyphae.
Hyphae: Several thread-like structures that compose the mycelium of a multicellular filamentous fungus.
Cryptogams: Plants that do not bear flowers, seeds, and fruits.
Thallus: A plant body which is not distinguished or divided into roots, stem, and leaves.
Rhizoids: Thread-like structures that help the thallus of bryophytes attach to the surface and absorb water and minerals.
Rhizome: An underground stem of irregular shape, modified to store food.
Sori: Small rounded bodies on the undersurface of leaves in pteridophytes which produce spores.
Spores: Minute structures that grow into new plants on germination.
Phanerogams: Flowering plants that have stem, leaves, and well-developed true roots.
Cones: Cone-shaped, seed-bearing structures of gymnosperms used for reproduction.
Saprophytes: Organisms that derive their food from dead and decaying organic matter.
Gymnosperms: Primitive seed-bearing plants that do not produce true flowers and have naked seeds not enclosed by a fruit.
Angiosperms: Highly evolved plants that bear true flowers and have seeds enclosed within fruits.
Monocotyledons: Angiospermous plants whose seeds contain only one seed leaf or cotyledon.
Dicotyledons: Angiospermous plants whose seeds contain two seed leaves or cotyledons.
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