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CNMS ICSE - 7 Std
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Key Terms

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Chapter: 06. Excretory System

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Excretion: The process of removal of metabolic waste substances from the body.
Metabolic wastes: Harmful or useless substances produced at the end of various biochemical reactions that occur inside the body.
Excretory products: The metabolic wastes which are eliminated from the body and cannot be stored inside.
Waste products: Unusable or unwanted substances produced during various metabolic processes in the body of living beings.
Nephron: The microscopic, tubular excretory unit of the kidney.
Bowman’s capsule: The cup-shaped anterior end of a nephron.
Glomerulus: A network of blood capillaries inside the Bowman’s capsule that acts as a filter for removing wastes from the blood.
Ureters: Narrow tubes arising from the inner side of each kidney that carry urine to the urinary bladder.
Urinary bladder: A muscular bag lying in the lower abdomen that collects and stores urine temporarily.
Urethra: The median muscular tube arising from the urinary bladder that carries urine to the outside.
Ultrafiltration: The process where nitrogenous wastes and water are filtered from blood as it passes through the capillaries of glomeruli.
Reabsorption: The process where useful substances like sugars, amino acids, salts, and water are absorbed back into the blood through the nephron walls.
Secretion: The process where remaining salts and urea are secreted from blood capillaries directly into the nephron tubules.
Osmoregulation: The process of maintaining water balance and salt concentration in the blood.
Sweat: A fluid containing excess water, salts, and urea removed from the blood and released through pores on the surface of the skin.
Urinary Tract Infection (UTI): A bacterial infection of the urinary tract (kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra) commonly caused by E. coli.
Kidney stones: Hard deposits formed due to the crystallization and accumulation of calcium oxalate, calcium phosphate, and uric acid inside the urinary system.
Dialysis: The process of filtering blood for the removal of nitrogenous wastes using an artificial kidney machine.
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