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CNMS ICSE - 7 Std
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Chapter: 08. Babur Humayun And Sher Shah

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Farghana: A small principality in Central Asia which Babur inherited from his father.
Tuzuk-i-Baburi: The memoir of Babur written in flawless Turkish.
Baburnama: The Persian translation of Babur’s memoirs, translated during the reign of Akbar.
Humayunnama: A detailed account of Humayun’s life written by his sister Gulbadan Begum.
Sarkars: The 47 provinces into which Sher Shah’s empire was divided.
Parganas: The districts into which each province or sarkar was subdivided in Sher Shah’s empire.
Shiqdars: The officers responsible for law and order and the general administration of the parganas.
Munsifs: The officers who looked after the collection of revenue and civil cases in the parganas.
Patwaris: The village officials responsible for the collection of land revenue.
Muqaddams: The village officials responsible for maintaining peace in the village.
Dagh: The system of branding horses revived by Sher Shah in his military organization.
Chehra: The system of maintaining a descriptive roll of the soldiers revived by Sher Shah.
Sarais: Rest houses built by Sher Shah at regular intervals for travellers and merchants.
Dak chaukis: Mail posts where two horsemen were kept ready to carry royal mail to different parts of the country.
Rupia: The standard silver coin introduced by Sher Shah.
Patta: The title deed of the land introduced under Sher Shah’s revenue system.
Qubuliat: The land agreement document defining the mutual rights and duties of the peasants and the government.
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