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Prepared by: learnloophq@gmail.com

Chapter: 01. Rise Of Christianity

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Warm Up!

Why is this carol sung during Christmas?
Christmas carols are sung to celebrate the Nativity, which is the birth of Jesus Christ, bringing a message of peace, hope, and joy.
What are your favourite Christmas season songs?
Some popular Christmas songs include “Silent Night”, “Joy to the World”, “Hark! The Herald Angels Sing”, and “We Wish You a Merry Christmas”.

Discuss TP Communication 21

Jesus told his followers to love their neighbours as much as they loved themselves. Discuss how easy or difficult it is to follow this advice. Do you think the world would change if everyone followed this code of conduct? Why?
Following this advice can be quite difficult, especially when dealing with people who have wronged us, or when trying to overcome personal biases. However, if everyone practiced this code of conduct, the world would transform dramatically: conflicts and wars would cease, crime rates would drop, and global inequality would decrease as people would naturally support and care for one another.

HOTS (Higher Order Thinking Skills)

Do you agree that Jesus Christ’s teachings are relevant in the present-day context? Why?
Yes, Jesus Christ’s teachings remain highly relevant today. In a modern world often divided by conflict, intolerance, and social inequality, his emphasis on compassion, forgiveness, unconditional love, and treating everyone—even enemies—with kindness serves as a vital foundation for peaceful coexistence and global harmony.

Think and Answer

Between Jesus and Hammurabi, whom do you support? Explain.
I support Jesus’s philosophy. While Hammurabi’s “eye for an eye” code of law established a standard of strict, retributive justice to deter crime in ancient Mesopotamia, it perpetuates a cycle of violence and revenge. In contrast, Jesus’s rejection of this principle in favor of forgiveness, mercy, and reform addresses the root of conflict and allows for reconciliation and lasting social peace.

Values and Life Skills

What are the ways in which you can show compassion towards people who have been victims of serious diseases?
We can show compassion by regularly visiting or calling them to provide emotional support, helping them or their families with daily errands, organizing fundraisers to assist with medical bills, sending thoughtful notes of encouragement, and ensuring they are treated with dignity without facing any social exclusion or stigma.
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EXERCISES

A. Fill in the blanks.

In the middle of the 1st century BCE, the Romans conquered Palestine, the homeland of the Jews.
Romans
Jesus was believed to be the son of God. He was born to Mary and Joseph.
God, Mary, Joseph
For 3 years, Jesus travelled throughout Galilee, preaching, teaching and healing the sick.
3, preaching, teaching, healing
Jesus taught that there was one God who was compassionate, loving and forgiving.
one, compassionate, loving, forgiving
Towards the end of the 4th century CE, Christianity became the official religion of the Roman empire.
official

B. Match the following.

Jesus
© founder of Christianity
Mark
(d) one of the authors of the Gospels
Peter
(e) spread Christianity in Palestine
Paul
(a) spread Christianity outside Palestine
Constantine
(b) first Christian Roman emperor

C. Choose the correct answer.

Jesus grew up in Bethlehem/Jerusalem/Nazareth where he studied the Jewish scriptures.
Nazareth
Jesus taught that God loved and forgave/hated/ignored sinners.
loved and forgave
Jesus was sentenced to death by Maxentius/Pontius Pilate/Constantine.
Pontius Pilate
The teachings of Jesus were spread most actively in Palestine by John/Mark/Peter.
Peter
For almost 300 years after the death of Jesus, Christians were treated well/given special rights/oppressed and persecuted in the Roman empire.
oppressed and persecuted

D. State whether the following are true or false. Rewrite the false statements correctly.

Jesus is believed to have had the power to heal the sick.
True
Jesus taught that we should harm only those who harm us.
False. Correct statement: Jesus taught that we should help the needy and do good even to those who harm us, completely rejecting the ‘eye for an eye’ principle.
Jesus’s interpretation of Jewish laws was the same as that of other Jewish religious leaders.
False. Correct statement: Jesus’s interpretation of Jewish laws clashed with the ideas of other Jewish religious leaders who followed the scriptures literally, and not in spirit.
In the 2nd century CE, Christianity became the legal religion of the Roman empire.
False. Correct statement: In the early 4th century CE (313 CE), Christianity became a legal religion of the Roman empire under Emperor Constantine.
The Pope became the spiritual head of Christians all over the world.
True

E. My mixed bag

Identify the odd one out.
(a) John, Matthew, Paul, Mark;
Paul (He was an apostle and missionary, whereas John, Matthew, and Mark are recognized as authors of the Gospels).
(b) Judea, Galilee, Bethlehem, Rome
Rome (It is a city in Italy/Europe, whereas Judea, Galilee, and Bethlehem are regions/villages in ancient Palestine associated with Jesus’s early life).
Read the statements given below and choose the correct option.
(A) Assertion: The popularity of Jesus enraged the Jewish religious leaders.
(B) Reason: They convinced Pontius Pilate that Jesus was a threat to the political authority of the Romans.
(d) Both (A) and (B) are true, and (B) is the correct explanation of (A).

F. Answer the following questions in one or two words/sentences.

Explain the Latin origin of the term ‘medieval’.
The word ‘medieval’ comes from a Latin word which means “time in the middle”.
Who conquered Palestine in the middle of the 1st century BCE?
The Romans conquered Palestine in the middle of the 1st century BCE.
Where was Jesus born?
Jesus was born in the tiny village of Bethlehem in Judea.
Who was King David?
King David was Israel’s most famous king who liberated Israel from foreign rule 1,000 years prior to the birth of Jesus.
How many disciples did Jesus have?
Jesus had twelve disciples.
Mention two fundamental principles of Christianity.
The two fundamental principles are unconditional love for God and true love for one’s neighbour.
Where are the life and teachings of Jesus Christ recorded?
They are recorded in the Gospels (the first four books of the New Testament) written by his disciples: John, Matthew, Mark, and Luke.
Who is described as the ‘foundation rock’ of Christianity?
Peter is described as the ‘foundation rock’ of Christianity.
Who prepared the grounds for transforming Christianity into a world religion?
Paul prepared the grounds by travelling extensively throughout the Roman empire to spread Christian teachings.
What is the importance of St Peter’s Basilica?
St Peter’s Basilica became the religious headquarters of the Christian world, and its Bishop (the Pope) became the spiritual head of Christians worldwide.

G. Give reasons for the following.

Why were the Jewish religious leaders angry with Jesus?
They were angry because Jesus’s growing popularity and wisdom threatened their religious authority, and his spiritual interpretation of Jewish laws clashed with their literal implementation of the scriptures.
Why did the Pope become the spiritual head of the Christians all over the world?
The Pope became the spiritual head because he was the Bishop of St Peter’s Basilica (the religious headquarters of the Christian world) and was formally acknowledged as the representative of Christ on earth.

H. Answer the following questions briefly.

Give an account of the early life of Jesus in Nazareth. What happened after his baptism?
Jesus grew up in Nazareth where he studied Jewish scriptures and realized certain groups violated the Law of Moses. When he was about 30, he was baptized by John the Baptist. After his baptism, a divine revelation convinced him of his mission to guide people, free them from evil, and ensure the triumph of good. He gathered twelve disciples and travelled Galilee for 3 years, preaching, teaching, and healing the sick.
The teachings of Jesus were simple, yet revolutionary. Explain.
Jesus established a simple code of conduct based on unconditional love for God and true love for one’s neighbour. His teachings were revolutionary because he rejected retaliation (“an eye for an eye”), urging people to love their enemies, show compassion to sinners and the poor, and do good to those who harm them.
Discuss the reasons and events leading to the crucifixion of Jesus.
Jesus’s growing popularity, compassion, and unique interpretation of Jewish laws enraged the traditional Jewish religious leaders. Feeling threatened, they turned hostile and convinced the Roman governor, Pontius Pilate, that Jesus posed a political threat to Roman authority. Consequently, Jesus was put on trial, sentenced to death, and crucified.
The enemies of Jesus had crucified him, but Jesus would live on. Explain.
Though Jesus died on the cross, his disciples found his tomb empty on the third day and believed he had been resurrected. This conviction led to the emergence of the Christian community. His life and teachings lived on in the hearts of his followers, spreading actively far beyond Palestine to dramatically transform the civilized world.
Give a brief account of the spread of Christianity by its followers.
Following Jesus’s death, Peter actively spread his teachings in Palestine, while Paul travelled throughout the Roman empire to build grounds for a world religion. Despite 300 years of persecution by Roman masters, Emperor Constantine legalized the faith in 313 CE. It became the official religion of the Roman empire by the late 4th century CE and eventually spread worldwide, including to India via missionaries.
What role did Emperor Constantine play in the establishment of Christianity in Europe?
Emperor Constantine won a major battle in 313 CE, which he attributed to Jesus, and subsequently legalized Christianity—ending centuries of imperial persecution. He declared himself a Christian, shifted the imperial capital to Constantinople, and set the stage for Christianity to become the official religion of the Roman empire.

I. Source-based questions (Picture Study)

Name (a) the founder and (b) the religion.
(a) Founder: Jesus Christ, (b) Religion: Christianity.
Mention the circumstances and the reasons that led to the crucifixion.
Jesus’s spiritual teachings and popularity threatened traditional Jewish leaders. To eliminate his influence, they convinced the Roman governor, Pontius Pilate, that Jesus was a threat to the political authority of Rome, leading to his trial, sentencing, and crucifixion.
Mention four important principles of the religion.
Unconditional love for God, love for one’s neighbour (including enemies), forgiveness of sinners, and helping the poor and needy.
Name the two best-known disciples of the founder. What part did they play in spreading his teachings?
Peter and Paul. Peter actively spread the teachings of Christ in Palestine. Paul travelled extensively throughout the Roman empire, converting people and laying the foundation for Christianity to transform into a global religion.

J. Map work

Refer to the map given on page 10. Name three places that are associated with the life of Jesus Christ.
Bethlehem (his birthplace), Nazareth (where he grew up), and Jerusalem (where he was tried, crucified, and resurrected).
Gallery
 
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