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A light year is the distance travelled by light in one year, which is equal to 9.4605284 × 10¹⁵ metres.A passenger sitting in a moving train is at rest with respect to the train’s seats but is in motion with respect to the trees and houses outside.The motion of the hands of a clock is periodic because they repeat their positions at fixed, regular intervals of time.The weight of a person is different because the Earth has a much larger mass than the Moon and thus exerts a much stronger gravitational pull.Circular motion is the motion of an object about a fixed central point along the circumference of a circle.Random motion is the motion in which an object changes its direction frequently in an irregular or zig-zag path.In oscillatory motion, there is no physical change in the shape of the body, whereas in vibratory motion, there is a physical change in the shape of the body.Translatory motion is the motion of an object in which every point of the object moves through the same distance in the same interval of time.Average speed is calculated as the total distance travelled by an object divided by the total time taken to cover that distance.Two examples of curvilinear motion are a car taking a turn on a road and a basketball being thrown into a hoop.Weightlessness is a condition experienced by a body when it is not in contact with any other body and is acted upon only by the force of gravity.Complex or multiple motion is a type of motion that is a combination of two or more different types of motion occurring simultaneously.Oscillatory motion is the to-and-fro or back-and-forth movement of an object about its mean position.Mass is the quantity of matter contained in a body, while weight is the gravitational force with which the Earth attracts that body towards its centre.Two examples of objects at rest are a chair kept on the floor and a tree rooted to the ground.A simple pendulum is an arrangement consisting of a small heavy mass, called a bob, suspended by a weightless, inextensible, and flexible string from a rigid support.Rectilinear motion is the motion of an object along a straight line.Speed is the distance travelled by an object per unit time, calculated by dividing the distance travelled by the time taken.The weight of an object is measured using a spring balance.Two examples of vibratory motion are the plucking of strings on a guitar and playing a drum.In rotatory motion, a body moves about a fixed axis and different points move through different distances, whereas in translatory motion, all points move through the same distance.Uniform motion is the motion of an object when it covers equal distances in equal intervals of time.
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Chapter: 02. Motion
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