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Chapter: 03. Birth Of Prophet Muhammad And Spread Of Islam

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SECTION A: MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS

© 622 CE
(b) Damascus
(a) Al Beruni
© Tribes
© Ministry of Minority Affairs
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SECTION B: FILL IN THE BLANKS

Mecca
Koran
Abu Bakr
Muhammad bin Qasim
traders
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SECTION C: TRUE OR FALSE

False. The Medieval Period in India stretches roughly from the 8th to the mid-18th centuries CE.
True.
False. The Abbasids shifted the Caliphate from Damascus to Baghdad.
False. According to Al Beruni, the Indians believed that no other country had any knowledge of science and were generally not receptive to Arabic learning.
True.
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SECTION D: EXPLANATION OF TERMS

Hijrat: The migration or departure of Prophet Muhammad and his followers from Mecca to Medina in 622 CE to escape the hostility of rich Arab merchants.
Caliph (or Khalifa): The title given to the head of the Muslim community in medieval times, representing both the religious and political successor to Prophet Muhammad.
Hijri: The Muslim calendar that marks its beginning from the year 622 CE (the year of the Hijrat).
House of Wisdom: An educational institution established in Baghdad by an Abbasid Caliph to translate the collective scientific and philosophical wisdom of ancient civilizations into Arabic.
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SECTION E: DIAGRAM-BASED QUESTION

Chinese civilization.
Mathematical theories, medicine, astronomy, philosophy, and administration. (Any three)
Greek civilization.
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SECTION F: SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS

Prophet Muhammad declared that Allah was the one and only God and that Muhammad was His Prophet, which marked the birth of Islam (meaning ‘submission’).
Any three of the following:
There is only one God (Allah) and Muhammad is His Prophet.
Muslims must pray five times a day.
They must fast from dawn to dusk during the holy month of Ramzan.
They must help the poor and needy and give charity.
They must make a pilgrimage (Haj) to Mecca at least once in their lifetime.
They must be good and kind to others.
In exchange for Indian muslin, pepper, and indigo, the Arab traders brought luxury items and fine Arabian horses to India.
The Arabs could not spread their influence beyond Sind because the Rajput kingdoms in India were too strong and powerful for them to defeat.
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SECTION G: LONG ANSWER QUESTIONS

Under the Abbasid Caliphs, the Arab empire became one of the most powerful, prosperous, and enlightened regions in the world. They shifted the capital to Baghdad, making it a hub of trade and culture. The Abbasids actively absorbed and assimilated the best ideas, skills, and scientific knowledge of other cultures. They established the “House of Wisdom” in Baghdad to translate classical texts from Greek, Byzantine, Egyptian, Chinese, Indian, and Persian civilizations into Arabic. This preservation and expansion of ancient knowledge made Baghdad a global repository of heritage and science.
In 622 CE, facing anger from wealthy merchants in Mecca, Prophet Muhammad and his followers moved to Medina (an event known as the Hijrat). In Medina, the people welcomed him warmly. Over the next ten years, Muhammad gathered immense support and raised a devoted army. In 630 CE, he returned to Mecca victoriously and forgave his former enemies. The people of Mecca subsequently embraced the Islamic faith. Consequently, Mecca (his birthplace and eventual victory site) and Medina (the city that sheltered him) became the two holiest cities in Islam.
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