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Chapter: 13. Directive Principles Of State Policy

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Section A: Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)

© Ireland ​Explanation: The Directive Principles have been inspired by the Constitution of Ireland.
(b) K. T. Shah ​Explanation: The inclusion of the Directive Principles of State Policy was advocated by K. T. Shah, an economist and Constituent Assembly member, alongside Ambedkar.
(a) Right to Education Act of 2009 ​Explanation: Under the Right to Education Act of 2009, free and compulsory education for children between 6 and 14 years was made a Fundamental Right under Article 21A.
© Gandhian Principles ​Explanation: Preventing the consumption of intoxicating drinks and harmful drugs is listed under the Gandhian Principles.
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Section B: Fill in the Blanks

welfare state
non-justiciable
healthcare (or general health)
sarpanch
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Section C: True or False

False. ​Correction: The Directive Principles were inspired by the Constitution of Ireland, the Gandhian Principles, and the United Nations Universal Declaration of Human Rights.
False. ​Correction: Since the Directive Principles are non-justiciable, you cannot go to a court to seek justice if you do not get a job or proper wages.
True. ​Correction: Providing free legal aid to needy citizens is indeed classified under General Principles.
False. ​Correction: The framers of the Constitution could not fulfill the dream of a welfare state in 1949 because the country’s economy had been ruined by 200 years of foreign rule.
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Section D: Explanation of Terms

Welfare State: A country where citizens are guaranteed a healthy standard of living, equal opportunities, full employment, and a fair distribution of wealth.
Directive Principles of State Policy: These are guidelines laid down in the Constitution which the central, state, and local governments are expected to follow for the welfare of the people.
Justiciable Rights: Rights (like Fundamental Rights) that can be legally enforced in a court of law; if citizens are deprived of these rights, they can approach a court to seek protection and enforcement.
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Section E: Differentiate Concepts

Fundamental Rights vs. Directive Principles:
Fundamental Rights are justiciable, meaning if a citizen is deprived of them, they can go directly to a court to seek justice and enforcement.
Directive Principles of State Policy are non-justiciable, meaning citizens cannot go to a court of law to seek justice if these guidelines (like getting a job or proper wages) are not fulfilled by the government.
Gandhian Principles vs. General Principles:
Gandhian Principles focus on economic and social development inspired by Mahatma Gandhi’s plans (e.g., establishing village panchayats or promoting cottage industries).
General Principles focus on broader matters regarding justice, environment, national heritage, and foreign policy (e.g., promoting international peace and security or protecting national monuments).
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Section F: Short Answer Questions

The framers of the Constitution could not establish a welfare state in 1949 because India had just been freed from 200 years of foreign rule, which had systematically exploited, drained the country’s wealth, and ruined its economy.
Two Directive Principles aimed at promoting economic equality are: ​(Any two of the following are acceptable)
Equal pay for equal work for both men and women.
Adequate means of livelihood for all citizens.
Fair and equitable distribution of wealth and material resources of the country.
Protection of children and youth against exploitation.
Chhavi Rajawat, as the first woman sarpanch of Soda village, significantly improved clean water access, solar power facilities, and educational opportunities in her village, demonstrating how modern education and dedicated leadership can transform rural communities.
Article 47 of the Directive Principles says that the state is responsible for raising the level of nutrition and healthcare of its citizens. This directly aligns with Sustainable Development Goal 3: Good Health and Well-being.
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Section G: Long Answer Questions

Various governments have taken the following steps to implement the Directive Principles:
Education: The Right to Education Act of 2009 (Article 21A) was passed, making free and compulsory education for children aged 6 to 14 years a Fundamental Right.
Welfare Schemes: Specialized welfare schemes have been implemented by central and state governments to assist Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes, and weaker sections of society.
Labor Laws: A law was passed ensuring equal pay for both men and women for equal work.
Employment: Various employment schemes have been launched to secure the right to work.
Land Reform: Laws have been enacted to distribute land to poor, landless farmers.
The Directive Principles of State Policy are classified into three categories:
Principles promoting economic equality: These guidelines focus on securing fair livelihoods and wealth distribution. Examples include ensuring equal pay for equal work for both men and women, and providing assistance for the sick, disabled, old, and unemployed.
Gandhian Principles: These guidelines promote social and economic development based on Gandhiji’s ideals. Examples include promoting cottage industries in villages, establishing village panchayats, and prohibiting the slaughter of cattle.
General Principles: These address justice, foreign policy, and environmental protection. Examples include promoting international peace and security, and protecting the environment, forests, and wildlife.
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Section H: Observation and Source-Based Questions

Identification: The leader shown is Mahatma Gandhi. The category of principles based on his ideas is the Gandhian Principles.
Inspired Guidelines: ​(Any two of the following are acceptable)
Promote cottage industries in villages.
Establish village panchayats.
Prevent the consumption of intoxicating drinks and harmful drugs.
Prohibit the slaughter of cattle and modernize agriculture/animal husbandry.
Promote the educational and economic interests of Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes, and weaker sections.
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