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Chapter: 02. Spread Of Christianity
Roman Empire Divisions: Western Roman Empire vs. Eastern Roman Empire (Byzantium)
Point of Comparison
Western Roman Empire
Eastern Roman Empire (Byzantium)
Year of Division
395 CE
395 CE
Capital City
Not mentioned in text
Constantinople (present-day Istanbul)
Resilience to Attacks
Low; disintegrated by the end of the 5th century CE under barbarian invasions
High; successfully withstood onslaughts and proved more resilient than the West
Control & Governance
Overrun by Germanic tribes who settled down and assumed control
Maintained independence and preserved the legacies of the Roman empire
Post-Decline Unifying Factor
Christianity and the Roman Church
Not mentioned in text
Monastic Roles: Monks vs. Nuns
Point of Comparison
Monks
Nuns
Definition & Background
Pious priests who lived as hermits in remote, isolated places
Women who followed the spiritual path of devotion and service
Place of Residence
Monasteries (Abbeys)
Nunneries or Convents
Marital Status
Unmarried (did not marry)
Unmarried (could not marry)
Core Life Focus
* Spiritual matters* Service of humanity* Art, literature, and scholarship
* Prayer* Service of the poor, sick, and oppressed
Daily Duties & Welfare Activities
* Pursued arts, botany, and learning* Wrote and copied books by hand* Brought barren land under cultivation
* Educated children* Treated the sick and wounded
Universities: Oxford and Cambridge vs. Taxila
Point of Comparison
Oxford and Cambridge Universities
Taxila (Takshashila)
Geographical Region
Europe (England)
South Asia (Ruins are in present-day Pakistan)
Historical Origin
Evolved from Christian monasteries
Founded by Bharata (younger brother of Rama) according to the epic Ramayana
Religious Affiliation
Christian Church / Monasteries
Buddhist centre of learning
Mention in Historical Literature
Not mentioned in text
Mentioned in Buddhist literature, especially the Jatakas, as the capital of Gandhara
Subjects Taught
* Religious texts* History* Philosophy* Medicine* Law* Astrology
Not mentioned in text
Medieval Invaders: Germanic Tribes vs. Muslim Turks
Point of Comparison
Germanic Tribes (Goths, Vandals, Franks)
Muslim Turks
Time Period of Activity
End of the 5th century CE (with borders lived on for over a century prior)
11th century CE to 13th century CE
Primary Target Areas
Western Roman territory, Italy, and the city of Rome
Lands of the Christian emperor of Constantinople, and Jerusalem
Impact on Christianity
Left the Church of Rome unharmed and eventually converted to Christianity
Captured the Christian holy land, leading to eight holy wars (Crusades) launched by Christians
Key Cultural & Technological Exchange
Brought their own semi-civilized traditions and assumed control of Western Europe
Taught Crusaders the use of gunpowder and guns; re-established European trade contacts with the East
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