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b. Spring balance (A spring balance is used to measure weight, while a beam balance measures mass).c. Non-periodic motion (The motion of a car on a busy road where brakes are applied does not repeat at regular intervals).c. Distance (Distance is the actual length of the path covered by a moving object, irrespective of direction).b. 9.8 N (1 kgf is exactly 9.8 N, or approximately 10 N).a. Random motion (The motion of a flying mosquito or kite changes direction frequently and irregularly).
odometerrotatoryoscillationnewton (N)light year
True (An object can be at rest relative to one observer and in motion relative to another).False (Mass is the quantity of matter in a body and can never be zero; weight can be zero when no gravity acts on it).False (Motion along a curved line is curvilinear motion, not rectilinear).True (Since distance is always positive, speed is also always positive).False (Weight decreases as we go higher because the gravitational force decreases with distance from the Earth’s surface).
Translatory motion: The motion of an object in which every point of the object moves through the same distance in the same interval of time.Weightlessness: A condition/sensation experienced by a body when it is not in contact with any other body and is only acted upon by the force of gravity, making the individual feel as though they have lost their weight.Average speed: The total distance travelled by an object divided by the total time taken to cover that distance.
Mass:It is the quantity of matter contained in a body.It remains constant and never changes from place to place.Weight:It is the force with which the Earth attracts a body towards its centre.It is not constant and varies from place to place depending on gravity.Oscillatory Motion:The whole body moves to and fro about its mean position.There is no physical change in the shape of the body.Vibratory Motion:Only parts of the body move about their mean positions; the whole body does not shift.There is a physical change in the shape of the body during the motion.
Inside a moving train, your body is changing its position with respect to trees and buildings outside (so you are in motion with respect to the outside surroundings). At the same time, your position does not change relative to the train’s seats or roof, so you are at rest with respect to the train.Given:
.The motion of the hands of a clock is periodic. This is because they repeat their motion at fixed, regular intervals of time (e.g., the minute hand repeats its position every 60 minutes, and the hour hand repeats every 12 hours).
Mean Position: O
Extreme Positions: A and BOne complete oscillation is the path where the pendulum bob starts from mean position O, moves to extreme position A, travels all the way to extreme position B, and finally returns back to O (Path: 
, or starting from an extreme: 
).
Activity to determine the time period of a simple pendulum:Materials Required: A cork, a metallic bob, silk thread, a stand, a clamp, and a stopwatch.Procedure:Tie one end of the silk thread to the metallic bob and the other end to the cork held in the clamp of the stand.Displace the bob slightly from its mean position and release it so it oscillates freely.Start the stopwatch when the bob passes the mean position and count 20 complete oscillations.Stop the stopwatch exactly at the end of the 20th oscillation and record the total time taken (
seconds).Calculation: Divide the total time () by 20 to find the time period (
).
The experiment is repeated multiple times to verify that the time period of a given length remains constant.Rolling (Complex) Motion:Rolling motion is a combination of two or more types of motion, specifically rotatory motion and translatory motion, occurring at the same time.Examples:Bicycle wheels: The wheels rotate on their axle (rotatory motion) while the bicycle as a whole moves forward along the road (translatory motion).Drill machine: When a carpenter uses a drill, the drill bit spins around its axis (rotatory motion) and simultaneously moves downward into the wood (translatory motion).
Wear and tear cause: Friction between the vehicle tyres and the road surface causes them to wear out.
Importance of recycling: Old tyres do not easily decompose and can accumulate in landfills, causing environmental hazards. Recycling them is crucial for responsible consumption and waste reduction. They can be recycled or reused to create new materials, rubber-modified asphalt, playground surfaces, or alternative fuel sources.
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Answer key
Prepared by: learnloophq@gmail.com
Chapter: 02. Motion
Section A: Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)
Section B: Fill in the Blanks
Section C: True or False Questions
Section D: Explanations of Terms
Section E: Differentiate the Concepts
1. Mass and Weight
2. Oscillatory Motion and Vibratory Motion
Section F: Short Answer Questions
Section G: Diagram-Based Questions
Section H: Long Answer Questions
Section I: Environmental Awareness & Everyday Use
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