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Chapter: 08. Magnetism
Types of Magnets: Natural vs. Artificial Magnets
Entity
Definition/Origin
Shapes
Examples
Natural Magnets
Occurs naturally in the Earth
Not mentioned in text
Magnetite (Fe₃O₄)
Artificial Magnets
Magnetic properties are imparted artificially
Magnetic needles, bar magnets, horseshoe magnets, and cylindrical magnets
Not mentioned in text
Magnetic Properties: Magnetic Materials vs. Non-Magnetic Materials
Entity
Definition
Attraction to Magnets
Examples
Magnetic Materials
Materials that are attracted by a magnet
Attracted
Iron, cobalt, steel, and nickel
Non-Magnetic Materials
Materials that are not attracted by a magnet
Not attracted
Glass, wood, plastic, aluminium, copper, and brass
Laws of Magnetism: Like Poles vs. Unlike Poles
Entity
Poles Involved
Magnetic Behavior
Like Poles
Two of the same poles (North and North, or South and South)
Repel each other
Unlike Poles
Two different poles (North and South)
Attract each other
Magnetic Retention: Permanent Magnets vs. Temporary Magnets
Entity
Retention of Magnetic Properties
Material Hardness
Examples
Permanent Magnets
Retain magnetic properties even without the influence of an external magnetic field
Usually made of hard materials
Bar magnets and horseshoe magnets
Temporary Magnets
Behave as magnets only in the presence of a strong magnetic field
Usually made of soft materials
Electromagnets
Electromagnet Designs: Bar-Shaped vs. U-Shaped Electromagnets
Entity
Shape of the Core
Winding Configuration
Bar-Shaped Electromagnet
Bar-shaped soft iron core
Insulated copper wire is wrapped around a straight bar core
U-Shaped Electromagnet
U-shaped soft iron core
Insulated copper wire is wrapped around a U-shaped core
Physical Phenomena: Electromagnetism vs. Electromagnetic Induction
Concept
Definition
Primary Relationship
Associated Key Scientist
Electromagnetism
The branch of physics dealing with the magnetic effect of electric current
Electric current produces a magnetic field
Not mentioned in text
Electromagnetic Induction
The phenomenon of producing an electric current in a conductor due to change in the magnetic lines of force associated with the conductor
Changing magnetic field produces an electric current (induced current)
Michael Faraday
Medical Diagnostic Scans: MRI Scan vs. CT Scan
Entity
Technology Used
Radiation Exposure
Compatibility with Metallic Implants
Cost, Noise, & Speed
Primary Advantage
MRI Scan
Magnets, radio waves, and a computer (electromagnetism)
No exposure to radiation
Can cause problems/not recommended due to strong magnetic fields
More expensive, noisier, and takes longer
Produces clearer and more detailed images of organs and soft tissues
CT Scan
X-rays
Exposure to radiation
Preferred for people with metallic implants
Less expensive, less noisy, and faster (preferred in emergencies)
Provides quick results in emergencies
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