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CNMS ICSE - 7 Std
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Key Terms

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Chapter: 01. Tissues

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Organisation: The manner in which smaller units of any structure or system are arranged into larger units in a hierarchical fashion.
Tissue: A group of structurally similar cells that perform a similar function.
Organ: A structure in an organism made of several tissues working together to perform a specialized function.
Organ system: A group of many organs working together to perform one major life function.
Ecosystem: A level of organization formed by the interaction of the members of a biotic community with the abiotic components of their environment.
Meristems or meristematic tissues: Plant tissues formed of actively dividing young cells responsible for plant growth.
Permanent tissues: Plant tissues formed of mature, differentiated cells that are specialized for specific functions and do not divide.
Simple permanent tissues: Permanent plant tissues formed of only one type of cells, which perform protective or supporting functions.
Epidermis: A single-layered protective covering over all parts of a plant.
Cork: Protective tissue made of dead cells found in old and woody dicot stems.
Parenchyma: Supporting plant tissue made of thin-walled, loosely packed cells with large vacuoles found in the soft parts of the plant.
Chlorenchyma: Parenchyma cells that contain chlorophyll and assist in photosynthesis.
Collenchyma: Supporting plant tissue consisting of elongated cells with walls irregularly thickened at the corners to provide mechanical support.
Sclerenchyma: Supporting plant tissue formed of long, dead, and fiber-like cells with uniformly thick cell walls that provide strength and rigidity.
Complex permanent tissues: Plant tissues formed of more than one type of cells that work together to perform a common function.
Conducting tissues: Also known as vascular tissues, these complex permanent tissues transport water, minerals, and food throughout the plant.
Xylem: Vascular tissue in plants that transports water and minerals from the roots to all other plant parts.
Phloem: Vascular tissue in plants that transports food from the leaves to all other parts of the plant.
Sieve plates: Perforated end plates found between the sieve tubes in phloem tissue.
Epithelial tissues: Protective animal tissues that form continuous, closely packed sheets of cells covering external surfaces and lining internal cavities.
Connective tissues: Animal tissues composed of cells suspended in an intercellular matrix that bind, support, and hold organs together.
Matrix: The intercellular ground substance in which the cells of connective tissues are suspended.
Areolar tissue: The most abundant packaging tissue in the animal body, forming thin sheets that bind skin with underlying tissues.
Adipose tissue: A connecting tissue that stores fats inside specialized cells filled with oil globules.
Tendon: Nonelastic, white fibrous connective tissue that joins skeletal muscle to bone.
Ligament: Elastic fibrous connective tissue that joins two bones together at a joint.
Cartilage: A firm but elastic (flexible) skeletal connective tissue that supports structures like the external ear and reduces friction at joints.
Bones: Hard, nonelastic skeletal connective tissues made strong by calcium, magnesium, and phosphorus salts in their matrix.
Plasma: The straw-colored, nonliving liquid fluid matrix of blood.
Lymph: Filtered blood plasma without blood cells and blood proteins that assists in exchange of substances and protection against infection.
Muscular tissues: Contractile animal tissues made up of long, fibrous, and contractile muscle cells that facilitate movement and locomotion.
Myofibrils: Highly contractile proteins found in muscle fibers that enable them to contract and relax.
Nervous tissue: Animal tissue specialized for coordinating and communicating messages throughout the organism.
Neuron: The structural and functional unit of nervous tissue, also called a nerve cell.
Synapse: The connection point between the terminal ends of one neuron’s axons and the dendrites of an adjacent neuron.
Nerve: A bundle formed by wrapping the axons of several neurons together.
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