3rd Grade ICSE

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05. Plants In The Surroundings

Key Terms

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Last edited 37 days ago by Learn LoopHQ.

Chapter: 05. Plants In The Surroundings

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Root: A part of the plant that grows under the soil and away from sunlight.

Shoot: The visible part of the plant that lies above the ground, bearing the stem, branches, leaves, buds, flowers and fruits.

Taproots: Roots having one main root that grows from the base of the stem and produces many smaller lateral roots.

Fibrous roots: Roots that have a number of fine, branching roots arising from the end of the stem and spreading within the soil.

Aerial roots: Roots of some plants that grow above the soil, such as banyan and mangrove trees.

Soil erosion: The top portion of soil being gradually damaged or removed by rain or wind.

Stem: The main part of the shoot that supports branches, leaves, and other plant parts, and transports water, nutrients, and food throughout the plant.

Trunk: The main thick stem of a tree from which various branches grow.

Herbs: Plants with soft and green stems, such as coriander.

Shrubs: Plants with thick woody stems branching close to the ground, such as Bougainvillea and Hibiscus.

Creepers: Plants with weak stems that creep along the ground, such as watermelon and pumpkin.

Climbers: Plants with weak and thin stems that need support to stand upright and grow properly, such as money plant and sweet pea.

Lamina (or Leaf blade): The flat and broad part of a leaf.

Midrib (or Main vein): The central main vein in a leaf.

Side veins: Many branches that extend from the midrib across the leaf blade, carrying water and food.

Stomata: Tiny pores present on leaves that help the plant to breathe.

Chlorophyll: The green-coloured pigment in leaves that traps sunlight for photosynthesis.

Photosynthesis: The process by which a plant uses the energy from sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water to produce its own food.

Flowers: The colourful parts of plants that grow from small buds and are responsible for changing into fruits.

Fruits: The fleshy parts of the plant that protect the seeds and are often edible.

Seeds: Structures mostly present in fruits from which new plants can grow.

Edible seeds: Seeds of plants that can be eaten, such as gram, wheat, corn, bean, and rice.

Spices: Seeds that are used to give flavour to food, such as cumin, mustard, black pepper, and fenugreek.

Seed coat: The hard covering that protects the seed from being damaged.

Cotyledons (or Seed leaves): The seed leaves inside a seed that contain all the food supply for the baby plant.

Dicotyledonous (or Dicot seeds): Seeds with two cotyledons, such as kidney beans.

Monocotyledonous (or Monocot seeds): Seeds with only one cotyledon, such as corn seeds.

Embryo: The baby plant inside the cotyledon(s) that consists of a tiny shoot and a tiny root.

Germination: The process by which a seed grows into a young plant or sapling when it gets the right amount of warmth, water, and air.

Sprouts: Newly germinated seeds that are edible and healthy to eat.

Plumule: The part of the seed that grows upwards and gives rise to the shoot system.

Radicle: The part of the seed that grows downwards and gives rise to the root system.

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