3rd Grade ICSE

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Chapter: 17. Globes And Maps

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A map’s scale is a fundamental feature that indicates the ratio between a distance measured on the map and the corresponding actual distance on the ground. This allows large geographical areas to be accurately reduced to fit on a smaller surface, enabling users to understand real-world distances between places. The grid system consists of a network of intersecting lines running from north to south and east to west, with each line typically labeled with a number or an alphabet. Together, the scale helps understand proportions, while the grid provides a precise coordinate system. This combination allows for accurate location identification and assists in navigating to specific points by offering a clear, quantifiable reference system on the map.

Maps primarily use directions to indicate location, with the north direction usually positioned at the top of the page. The four main directions are known as cardinal directions: North, South, East, and West. Additionally, intermediate directions like North-East, South-East, North-West, and South-West are called ordinal directions. In practical use, if you face North, East is to your right and West is to your left. A compass, an essential instrument for navigation, always points towards the north direction, allowing users to accurately determine all other cardinal and ordinal directions.

A map is a flat drawing that represents the whole Earth or a specific part of it, typically drawn on paper or displayed digitally. Maps offer significant advantages over globes, primarily due to their portability and ability to show much greater detail for a given area. They can depict intricate information such as specific roads, buildings, and landmarks, which is difficult on a globe. Maps are easy to carry and can be compiled into atlases, making them versatile tools for detailed study, planning, and navigation in everyday life.

A globe is a three-dimensional model of the Earth, which accurately represents its spherical shape. It is highly useful for understanding the planet’s true form and for visually locating large geographical features like continents, oceans, and countries in their correct relative positions. However, globes have practical limitations as they are heavy and difficult to transport. Moreover, to display detailed information for smaller areas such as towns, cities, or specific roads, a globe would need to be impractically large, reducing its convenience for local navigation.

Maps employ a standardized system of colours and symbols to efficiently communicate a large amount of information without clutter. Specific colours are used to represent different physical features: blue for water bodies, brown for mountains and highlands, green for lowlands and plains, and yellow for deserts. In addition to colours, small representative pictures called symbols are used to denote various real-world objects such as cities, roads, railway lines, or airports. To ensure clarity, every map includes a key or legend, usually located in a corner, which provides an explanation for each of the symbols used, allowing readers to interpret the map accurately.

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