3rd Grade ICSE

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Last edited 37 days ago by Learn LoopHQ.

Chapter: 01. Living And Non Living Things

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Reproduction is the fundamental biological process by which living organisms create new individuals of their own kind, ensuring the continuation and survival of their species across generations. Living things reproduce in various ways. Some animals, such as crows and turtles, lay eggs from which new offspring hatch. Other animals, including cats, horses, monkeys, and humans, give birth directly to live young ones. Most plants primarily reproduce through seeds; when these seeds are sown under suitable environmental conditions, they germinate and grow into new plants.

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Living and non-living things have distinct characteristics that differentiate them. Living things require food, air, and water for survival and growth, whereas non-living things do not. Living things breathe, through specialized organs like lungs, gills, or stomata, while non-living things do not breathe. Living organisms can move on their own, actively seeking necessities or escaping danger, unlike non-living objects which require external force for movement. Furthermore, living things grow, feel and respond to their environment, and have the ability to reproduce their own kind, all of which are absent in non-living things.

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Living things are capable of sensing changes in their environment and reacting to them. Humans and animals use their five sense organs (eyes, ears, nose, tongue, skin) to feel; for example, a dog uses its nose to sniff out food, and a person withdraws their hand from a hot object due to feeling pain. Insects like butterflies and ants use antennae for sensing. Plants also exhibit this characteristic; the leaves of a touch-me-not plant will close when touched, and plants generally grow towards light, demonstrating their response to stimuli.

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Food is absolutely essential for all living things because it provides the necessary energy to perform various life activities, such as movement, thinking, and growth. It also supplies the vital nutrients required to maintain overall health and facilitate the body’s development and repair. Plants and animals have distinct methods of obtaining this crucial food. Plants are unique as they can produce their own food through photosynthesis, utilizing sunlight, air, and water. In contrast, animals cannot make their own food; they must consume other organisms, either plants (herbivores) or other animals (carnivores/omnivores), to get the energy and nutrients they need.

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Growth in living things is an inherent process where they increase in size, mass, and often change shape over time. This development occurs internally, driven by biological processes like cell division and absorption of nutrients. For instance, a small human baby grows into a child and then into an adult, undergoing significant changes in size and form. Similarly, a tiny seed, under favorable conditions, germinates and develops into a small plant, which then matures into a large, established plant. Puppies growing into dogs and kittens into cats are other common examples.

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