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Hominids:Early human-like beings who were ancestors of modern humans. They appeared about two million years ago, resembled apes, had big heads that sloped backwards, small foreheads, long arms, thick eyebrows, could not stand upright, were covered with thick hair, and couldn't speak but only growled.Bipedalism: Ability to balance on feet, stand erect, and walk without using hands.Artefacts:Objects like pottery or tools made by humans that are studied for historical interest. Hunter-gatherers:Early humans who did not stay in one place. They moved from place to place for food, hunted animals, ate fruits and roots, caught fish, lived in caves or on tree tops, wore animal skins, and used leaves to cover themselves.Fossils:The remains of living things (like plants or animals) or impressions left by them on rocks, preserved from the past.Homo sapiens:The scientific name for the present species of humans. They evolved from earlier hominids, developed larger brains, the ability to stand erect, and use their hands to make tools, pick up things, and throw them.Evolution:The process of gradual change and development over many years. For example how early humans changed over time to become modern humans is an evolution of human.
Hominids # Early human-like beings, ape-like, lived about 2 million years ago, could not stand upright.Evolution # The gradual process of change and development in living things over many years.Hominids # Physical features: Big, sloped heads; small foreheads; long arms to knees; thick eyebrows; thick body hair; no tail.Hominid # Could not speak; only growled.Key Hominid Change # Gained the ability to stand upright & to hold objects (developed hands).Advantage: Larger Brains # A key development in humans that allowed for greater intelligence and problem-solving.Advantage: Bipedalism # Ability to balance on feet, stand erect, and walk without using hands.Homo sapiens # The scientific name for the present species of humans.Hunter-gatherers # Early humans who moved from place to place for food, hunted, and gathered plants.Sources of Information (Early Humans) # Caves, rock shelters, tools, artefacts, fossils, bones, horns of animals.Artefacts # Objects made by humans, studied for historical interest (e.g., pottery, tools).Fossils # Remains of living things or impressions left by them on rocks.Archaeologists # Scientists who study past human life by examining remains like artefacts and fossils.Cave Paintings # Art found on cave walls, depicting scenes from early human life.Australopithecus afarensis # An early hominid species shown in the human evolution timeline.Homo erectus # An early human species known for standing upright, shown in the timeline.Homo neanderthalensis (Neanderthals) # A close relative of modern humans, shown in the timeline.
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