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Answer Key

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Answer Key Chapter 07. Plants and Animals Depend on Each Other

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1. Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs):

(b) Plants

(b) Herbivore

(b) Carbon Dioxide

2. Fill in the Blanks:

food

omnivores

decomposers

food chain

food web

pollination

3. True/False Questions:

False

True

False

False (They are non-living components)

4. Short Answer Questions:

Consumers are living beings that cannot make their own food and get energy by eating plants or other animals. Example: Cow, Lion, Bear.

Animals get shelter (e.g., birds in trees) from plant and decomposers, like bacteria, break down dead plants and animals, returning nutrients to the soil. that is used by plants to grow.

A herbivore eats only plants, while a carnivore eats other animals.

Natural cause: Forest fire, flood, disease. Human-made cause: Deforestation, pollution, hunting. (Any one of each)

Animals help in seed dispersal by eating fruits and then excreting the seeds in different places, or by carrying seeds on their fur to new locations.

5. Diagram-Based Questions:

Diagram 1: (Sun -> Grass -> Grasshopper -> Frog -> Snake) a. This diagram represents a food chain. b. The producer is Grass. c. If all the frogs were removed, the Grasshopper population might increase (as their predator is gone), and the Snake population might decrease (as their food source is reduced).

Diagram 2: (Food web) a. A food web shows multiple interconnected food chains, representing more complex feeding relationships in an ecosystem, while a single food chain shows only one pathway of energy flow. b. Omnivore: Bear (eating grass, Deer and small animals).

6. Scientific Reasons:

Plants are essential for animals because:

They produce food (they are producers at the base of most food chains).

They release oxygen during photosynthesis, which animals need to breathe.

The provide shelter to most of the animals.

Decomposers are called "nature's recyclers" because they break down dead plants and animals into simpler substances (nutrients), which return to the soil. These nutrients are then used by plants to grow, thus continuing the cycle of life, decomposers play an important part in balance of nature.

Plants need non-living things like sunlight as an energy source for photosynthesis, and water as a raw material for photosynthesis and for transporting nutrients.

7. Differentiate Between Concepts:

A producer is an organism (like a plant) that can make its own food, usually through photosynthesis. Example: Grass. A consumer is an organism that cannot make its own food and gets energy by eating plants or other animals. Example: Rabbit, Lion.

A scavenger (like a vulture) feeds on the flesh of animals that are already dead. A carnivore (that hunts live prey, like a tiger) typically hunts and kills live animals for food.

8. Explanations of Terms:

Photosynthesis: The process by which green plants use sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide to create their own food (sugars/glucose) and release oxygen.

Interdependence: The way in which plants and animals (and other organisms) rely on each other for survival within an ecosystem. For example, animals depend on plants for food and oxygen, and plants depend on animals for pollination and seed dispersal.

Food web: A model that shows how many different food chains are interconnected in an ecosystem, illustrating the complex feeding relationships between various organisms.

9. Examples:

Bears, pigs, crows, sparrows, squirrels, peacocks. (Any two)

A bee collecting nectar from a flower also picks up pollen and transfers it to another flower, helping the plant to produce seeds.

Bacteria, fungi, worms, insects. (Any two)

10. Complete the Series:

Consumer)

Lion (or Tiger, Leopard, Fox, etc. – any suitable carnivore that eats deer)

Oxygen

11. Identifying Concepts/Processes:

This sequence is called a food chain. It shows the flow of energy from one organism to another.

When birds eat fruits and then fly to different places and excreting seeds this process is called seed dispersal, which are necessary for the plant to reproduce and create new plants.

12. Observation-Based Questions:

Decomposers (like bacteria and fungi) are mainly responsible. This process is called decomposition.

Two likely effects:

A decrease in the populations of animals that used the forest for food or shelter.

Animals might migrate to other areas, potentially increasing competition there.

Some animals might die if they cannot find new suitable habitats.

13. Scientific Reasoning and Application:

If all green plants died:

Herbivores would lose their primary food source and would start to die from starvation.

With the decline in herbivores, carnivores that prey on those herbivores would also lose their food source and their populations would then decline due to starvation.

The entire food web would collapse.

Earthworms are decomposers. They eat decaying organic matter (like wet garbage). As they digest this matter, they break it down into simpler, nutrient-rich substances. Their faeces (castings) enrich the soil, creating manure that helps plants to grow.

14. Environmental Awareness:

Hunting too many predators can lead to an increase in the population of their prey (e.g., if foxes are hunted, rabbit/deer populations might increase). These increased herbivore populations can then overgraze, eating too many plants and potentially destroying vegetation in an area, thus disturbing the balance.

Pollution, like chemicals from factories entering a river, can kill aquatic plants. This removes a food source for small aquatic animals. These small animals might die or become contaminated. Larger animals that eat these smaller animals can then also be poisoned or lose their food source, affecting the entire food chain.

15. Everyday Science:

(Answers will vary based on student's lunch. Example provided in question: Sun -> Corn (chicken feed) -> Chicken -> You. Another example: Sun -> Wheat Plant -> Flour (for bread) -> You)

Planting more trees is beneficial because:

Trees take in carbon dioxide and release oxygen during photosynthesis, which improves air quality for breathing.

Trees provide shelter, homes (habitats), and food for many animals (birds, insects, squirrels, etc.).

16. Matching Pairs:

Column A

Column B

Answer

1. Producer

A. Eats only plants

2. Herbivore

B. Feeds on dead animals

3. Carnivore

C. Makes its own food

4. Omnivore

D. Breaks down dead plants and animals

5. Scavenger

E. Eats both plants and animals

6. Decomposer

F. Eats other animals (hunts live prey)

7. Food Chain

G. Interconnected food chains

8. Food Web

H. Shows the flow of energy (e.g., Grass → Rabbit → Fox)

There are no rows in this table

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