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A Comparative Overview
Neighbouring Countries: A Comparative Overview
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Pakistan
Western land boundary
China
North-eastern side
Nepal
Foothills of the Himalayas (shares a mountainous boundary with India)
Bhutan
Eastern Himalayas (country surrounded by hills)
Bangladesh
East (shares borders with West Bengal, Assam, Meghalaya, Tripura, Mizoram)
Myanmar
North-eastern part of India (shares a geographical border through a thickly forested region)
Sri Lanka
Island, South of India
Afghanistan
North-west of India
Pakistan
Capital(s)
Islamabad
Location (Relative to India)
Western land boundary
Official Language(s) / Important Cities (besides capital)
Important Cities: Karachi, Lahore
Major River(s)
Indus & its five tributaries
Key Geographical Features/Terrain
Himalayan Mountain Range (forms northern boundary), Thar Desert (extends into Punjab and Sind provinces)
Historical Significance/Famous Products/Other Key Info
Ruins of Indus Valley settlements (Harappa, Mohenjo-Daro), Ruins of Taxila
Country
Location (Relative to India)
Capital(s)
Official Language(s) / Important Cities (besides capital)
Major River(s)
Key Geographical Features/Terrain
Historical Significance/Famous Products/Other Key Info
Pakistan
Western land boundary
Islamabad
Important Cities: Karachi, Lahore
Indus & its five tributaries
Himalayan Mountain Range (forms northern boundary), Thar Desert (extends into Punjab and Sind provinces)
Ruins of Indus Valley settlements (Harappa, Mohenjo-Daro), Ruins of Taxila
China
North-eastern side
Beijing
Mandarin (official language)
Hwang Ho, Yangtze
Gobi Desert (parts of northern & north-western China), Himalayan Mountain Range (forms natural boundary with India)
Birthplace of one of the oldest civilizations, Historically strong trade links with India via Silk Route, Most populous country in the world, Famous Chinese monks (Hiuen Tsang, Fa-Hien) travelled to India
Nepal
Foothills of the Himalayas (shares a mountainous boundary with India)
Kathmandu
-
Kosi (and others flowing into Indo-Gangetic Plain)
Two physical divisions: Hill region & Terai (fertile agricultural land), Mount Everest (world's highest mountain peak)
-
Bhutan
Eastern Himalayas (country surrounded by hills)
Thimpu
-
Torsa, Wong, Sankosh, Manas
Three physical regions: Greater Himalayas, Lesser Himalayas, Dooars Plains. Shares boundaries with West Bengal & Assam (S), Arunachal Pradesh (E), Sikkim (W)
-
Bangladesh
East (shares borders with West Bengal, Assam, Meghalaya, Tripura, Mizoram)
Dhaka
-
Padma, Jamuna, Ganga, Meghna
Large part of Ganga-Brahmaputra Delta, Large mangrove forest: the Sundarbans (extends into India)
-
Myanmar
North-eastern part of India (shares a geographical border through a thickly forested region)
Naypyidaw
-
Irrawaddy
Rich fertile delta region of Irrawaddy river (where crops are cultivated)
Formerly called Burma, Was part of India under British rule, Ruby (precious stone used for jewellery), India-Myanmar-Thailand (IMT) trilateral highway being built
Sri Lanka
Island, South of India
Administrative:
Sri Jayawardenepura Kotte; Commercial: Colombo
-
(Not specified as major)
Varied terrain (ranging from hills to plains), Hill slopes have tea plantations, Separated from India by the narrow Palk Strait
Formerly known as Ceylon, Sri Lankan tea and spices are famous all over the world
Afghanistan
North-west of India
Kabul
Pashto (official language); Kabul is also the largest city.
Helmand River (longest river)
-
Afghan rugs are very popular around the world
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