One of the great features of Airtable is that it is very easy to share data and schema. This makes collaboration easy. However, sometimes you do not want to share everything.
Here are some of the concepts to keep in mind when providing only limited access to data:
does the access need to be read-only, or do users need edit access
do users need to be logged into Airtable, or do uses need anonymous access
are you trying to protect data (cell values), schema (field types, formulas, etc.), or both