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AP Chemistry
  • Pages
    • Class
      • Laboratory report rubric
      • Notes
        • 1. Chemical foundations
        • 2. Atoms, molecules, and ions
        • 3. Stoichiometry
        • 4. Types of chemical reactions and solution stoichiometry
        • 5. Gases
        • 6. Thermochemistry
        • 7. Atomic structure and periodicity
        • 8. Bonding: general concepts
        • 9. Covalent bonding: orbitals
        • 10. Liquids and solids
        • 11. Properties of solutions
        • 12. Chemical kinetics
        • 13. Chemical equilibrium
        • 14. Acids and bases
        • 15. Acid-base equilibria
        • 16. Solubility and complex ion equilibria
        • 17. Spontaneity, entropy, free energy
        • 18. Electrochemistry
      • Drug unit
        • Basics
        • Analgesics
        • Antacids
        • Anesthetics
        • Depressants
        • Stimulants
        • Antibiotics
        • Antiviral drugs
        • Mind-altering drugs
    • Textbook (incomplete)
      • 1. Chemical foundations
      • 2. Atoms, molecules, and ions
      • 3. Stoichiometry
      • 4. Types of chemical reactions and solution stoichiometry
      • 5. Gases
      • 6. Thermochemistry
      • 7. Atomic structure and periodicity
      • 8. Bonding: general concepts
    • CED
      • 1. Atomic structure and properties
      • 2. Compound structure and properties
      • 3. Properties of substances and mixtures
      • 4. Chemical reactions
      • 5. Kinetics
      • 6. Thermochemistry
      • 7. Equilibrium
      • 8. Acids and bases
      • 9. Thermodynamics and electrochemistry
AP Chemistry
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Stimulants
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Stimulants

stimulant: a drug that speeds up the central nervous system (uppers)
more nitrogen results in a better stimulant
examples
adrenaline
hormone
natural stimulant
binds to receptors
lasts for minutes
not addictive
amphetamine
synthetic drug based on adrenaline
does not damage the brain (not addictive if used properly)
stimulates release of dopamine, serotonin; blocks reuptake
lasts for hours
methamphetamine (meth/speed)
amphetamine with additional methyl group (CH₃)
simulates adrenaline
addictive
tobacco: plant that grows in America
nicotine (C₁₀H₁₄N₂)
short-term
increases heart rate
constricts blood vessels
reduces urine output
long-term
heart problems
lung/jaw cancer
bronchitis: inflammation of bronchi due to irritation
air pollution
fires (50% of fires in Canada)
yellow teeth
structure: 1 methyl group; one part can exist in two mirrored forms
caffeine (C₈H₁₀N₄O₂)
increases nerve signaling, decreases blood flow
negative effects
tolerance
psychological addiction
no physical addiction
bad for hand-eye coordination
structure: 3 methyl (CH₃) groups and 2 carbonyl (CO) groups

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