16. Solubility and complex ion equilibria

Solubility equilibria

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sp: solubility product

only use concentrations of aqueous substances (solids and liquids: use 1)

higher K_sp: better dissolving

example: find K_sp for

⁠

which has a solubility of

⁠

example:

⁠

; calculate solubility

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nx comes from ratios in equation

⁠

example: find most soluble

K_sp gives level of solubility

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each has 2 ions

CaSO₄ > CuI > AgI

relative solubility (s): different substances have different relative solubilities

example: find most soluble

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2 ions

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3 ions

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5 ions

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Bi₂S₃ > Ag₂S > CuS

common ion effect: solubility of ionic precipitate decreases if you add something with a common ion

example:

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AgCrO₄ dissolved in water containing Ag⁺. Is it more or less soluble?

reaction shifts left

dissolve less effectively

example:

⁠

; does it dissolve better when in an acid? in a base?

acids will react with the OH⁻

shift right

dissolve more

adding more OH⁻

shift left

dissolve less

Solubility equilibria

Gallery

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