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AP Chemistry
  • Pages
    • Class
      • Laboratory report rubric
      • Notes
        • 1. Chemical foundations
        • 2. Atoms, molecules, and ions
        • 3. Stoichiometry
        • 4. Types of chemical reactions and solution stoichiometry
        • 5. Gases
        • 6. Thermochemistry
        • 7. Atomic structure and periodicity
        • 8. Bonding: general concepts
        • 9. Covalent bonding: orbitals
        • 10. Liquids and solids
        • 11. Properties of solutions
        • 12. Chemical kinetics
        • 13. Chemical equilibrium
        • 14. Acids and bases
        • 15. Acid-base equilibria
        • 16. Solubility and complex ion equilibria
        • 17. Spontaneity, entropy, free energy
        • 18. Electrochemistry
      • Drug unit
        • Basics
        • Analgesics
        • Antacids
        • Anesthetics
        • Depressants
        • Stimulants
        • Antibiotics
        • Antiviral drugs
        • Mind-altering drugs
    • Textbook (incomplete)
      • 1. Chemical foundations
      • 2. Atoms, molecules, and ions
      • 3. Stoichiometry
      • 4. Types of chemical reactions and solution stoichiometry
      • 5. Gases
      • 6. Thermochemistry
      • 7. Atomic structure and periodicity
      • 8. Bonding: general concepts
    • CED
      • 1. Atomic structure and properties
      • 2. Compound structure and properties
      • 3. Properties of substances and mixtures
      • 4. Chemical reactions
      • 5. Kinetics
      • 6. Thermochemistry
      • 7. Equilibrium
      • 8. Acids and bases
      • 9. Thermodynamics and electrochemistry
AP Chemistry
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1. Chemical foundations
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1. Chemical foundations

Measurements

measurement
units
abbr.
mass
grams
g
volume
liters
L
distance
meters
m
temperature
degrees Celsius
Kelvin
℃
K
There are no rows in this table
⁠

Significant figures

Rules

all non-zero digits are always significant
captive zeros (in-between) are always significant
leading zeros are never significant
trailing zeros are sometimes significant
no decimal point: not significant
decimal point: all significant

Calculations

multiplication and division
same number of significant figures as least precise measurement
300.0 ⨉ 62 = 18600 → 19000
3 significant figures ⨉ 2 significant figures = 3 significant figures
round to 2 significant figures
addition and subtraction
same number of decimal places as least precise measurement
1.10 + 3.334 = 4.434 → 4.43
2 decimal places + 3 decimal places = 3 decimal places
round to 2 decimal places

Measurements
Significant figures
Rules
Calculations
Gallery
 
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