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AP Chemistry
  • Pages
    • Class
      • Laboratory report rubric
      • Notes
        • 1. Chemical foundations
        • 2. Atoms, molecules, and ions
        • 3. Stoichiometry
        • 4. Types of chemical reactions and solution stoichiometry
        • 5. Gases
        • 6. Thermochemistry
        • 7. Atomic structure and periodicity
        • 8. Bonding: general concepts
        • 9. Covalent bonding: orbitals
        • 10. Liquids and solids
        • 11. Properties of solutions
        • 12. Chemical kinetics
        • 13. Chemical equilibrium
        • 14. Acids and bases
        • 15. Acid-base equilibria
        • 16. Solubility and complex ion equilibria
        • 17. Spontaneity, entropy, free energy
        • 18. Electrochemistry
      • Drug unit
        • Basics
        • Analgesics
        • Antacids
        • Anesthetics
        • Depressants
        • Stimulants
        • Antibiotics
        • Antiviral drugs
        • Mind-altering drugs
    • Textbook (incomplete)
      • 1. Chemical foundations
      • 2. Atoms, molecules, and ions
      • 3. Stoichiometry
      • 4. Types of chemical reactions and solution stoichiometry
      • 5. Gases
      • 6. Thermochemistry
      • 7. Atomic structure and periodicity
      • 8. Bonding: general concepts
    • CED
      • 1. Atomic structure and properties
      • 2. Compound structure and properties
      • 3. Properties of substances and mixtures
      • 4. Chemical reactions
      • 5. Kinetics
      • 6. Thermochemistry
      • 7. Equilibrium
      • 8. Acids and bases
      • 9. Thermodynamics and electrochemistry
AP Chemistry
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Basics
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Basics

drug: a chemical that changes the biology of an organism
tolerance: resistance to a drug’s effects; caused by repeated use
addiction: needing the drug to feel normal (compulsive use)
physical
psychological
where can you get drugs?
drug dealers
pharmacy/hospital (prescription)
natural sources (e.g. plants, fungi)
over-the-counter (OTC)
legal without prescription
not necessarily weak or safe
online
how can you take drugs?
inhalation (smoking, snorting)
oral (eat, drink)
injection
subcutaneous: under skin
intramuscular: into muscles
intravenous (IV): into veins
rectal
Food and Drug Administration (FDA): United States department for food/drug regulation
approval process (15-20 years; $1.3 billion per process)
in vitro: experiments using non-living procedures (“in glass”; beakers, test tubes, etc.)
in vivo: experiments in animals
transgenic: genetically modified to express human-like characteristics for testing
mice: small, cheap, mammalian
primates: expensive, genetically similar to humans
pigs: heart is the same size as human’s
rabbit: antibodies
cats: brain
dogs: narcolepsy
human trials
volunteers who are not sick
side effects: secondary effects
median lethal dose (LD50): how much it takes to kill half of the sample (want to be high)
volunteers who are already sick with the disease
experimental medicine
placebo: fake drug

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