Antibiotics

bacterium (pl. bacteria): single-celled organism

have cell walls surrounding the cell

alive

examples of harmful bacteria

E. coli

walking pneumonia

salmonella

tuberculosis (TB)

urinary tract infection (UTI)

gonorrhea

chlamydia

strep

antibiotics: drug used to kill bacteria

discovery

1890s: mice ate fungi that cured bacteria

1920s: Alexander Fleming left petri dish open

mold grew

mold accidentally killed bacteria

penicillium notarium/penicillin: inhibit the enzymes responsible for building and strengthening the bacterial cell wall

cell wall weakens

bacterium dies

1940s: Howard Walter Florey and Ernst Boris Chain isolated penicillin

useful in WWII to save soldiers

penicillin G

killed bacteria

given by shot (broke down by stomach acid)

penicillin V

pill

bacteria became resistant

cloxacillin

pill

more resistant to bacteria

types

broad spectrum: kills all bacteria

narrow spectrum: kills specific bacteria

makes superbacteria that are resistant

antibiotic soap

antibiotic food for livestock

methods

bactericidal: killing bacteria

bacteriostatic: inhibiting growth

disrupting the bacterial cell wall or membrane

interfering with essential enzymes

inhibiting protein synthesis

can kill good bacteria

Gallery

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