Metabolism 2/9/24

the liver is the first stop our blood takes as it leaves our intestines.

filters the blood to:

remove toxins

retain vitamins and minerals to store for later use

storage of glucose as glycogen

the only organ that’s able to store glycogen, is very important

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regulate cholesterol levels

HDL brings excess cholesterol here

produces;

bile

plasma proteins in the blood

urea

break down old blood cells

GLUCOSE IS IMPORTANT FOR MAKING ATP (energy)

after leaving the liver, the remaining glucose in our blood is our blood sugar level → circulated to all our cells

insulin hormone, produced by the pancreas, signals cells to take up glucose

cells take in glucose, and blood sugar levels fall

when blood sugar levels are low, the pancreas produces the hormone glucagon

glucagon signals to the liver to break down into glucose → blood sugar rises

insulin binds to its protein receptor on the cell membrane

glucose can now leave the blood into the cell through the glucose transporter, 3 different ways

use it immediately to make ATP

limited amount of storage as glycogen

excess is converted into fat, and then stored in adipose tissue.

nutrients from meals are being absorbed into the blood and circulated to cells

blood sugar taken up by cells

amino acids brought to muscle, other cells

fatty acids are stored in adipose, some in other cells

using stored nutrients to make energy

avg person relies on ~60% of fat stores at rest

eventually, as stored fats deplete, we need to restock (eat again)

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