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Unit 1

Digestion track

Enzymes and Digestion

hormones and appetite

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Digestion track

“road trip” through our digestive track

2 kinds of digestion

Mechanical Digestion

chemical digestion

Food is chemically digested in the stomach, then “squirted” into the small intestine, the small intestine absorbs the main nutrients, large intestine absorbs water.

Mechanical digestion is the teeth, they shred the food, so the pieces will fit into your body to break it down.

Saliva is an action of chemical digestion.

In the mouth: where digestion begins

teeth- shred and tear food

tounge- manipulates food

saliva- begins the process of digestion chemically, specfiically carbohydrates

amylase- enzyme that breaks down carbs into simple sugars

lipase- breaks down carbs into simple sugars

mucus- to coat food, to make it easier to transport the food down esophagus to the stomach

bolus- ball of chewed-up food+ saliva+ mucus mixture

mouth- pharynx- esophogas- stomach

Stop #2 the pharynx and esophagus

epiglottis- flap of cartilage that covers the air ways so food doesn’t enter

how you casn choke. food thats too big but small enough that it can get stuck

peristalsis- sysmic contraction of muscles to move food theough digestive system

gag reflex is here, like a swallowing reflex

Stop 3: Stomach

stomach-store food as we digest it

begins the process of digesting proteins

protiens → amino acids (pepsin)

gastric juice: pepsin (enzyme)

HCI: hydrochloric acid

activates pepsin + kills bacteria

softens connective tissues (such. as meat)

Mucus- coats stomach lin9ng to protect it against the acid and pepsin

Chyme- mixture of partically food+ gastric juice

chyme exits the stomach into the small intestine through the sphincter

Stop 4: small intestine

~ 18 ft long, taller ppl tend to have more small intestine, smaller ppl have shorter ones

the main site of digestion

break down:

carbs → sugars

proteins → animo acids

fats/lipids → fatty acids

Neutreinta pass through the intestinal cells into the blood

The small intestine gets help from other organs, aka accessory organs, making the enzymes it uses to digest food

liver- produce bile to coat fats to dissolve them into the blood

gallbladder stores and releases bile into the pancreas

pancreas - produces amylase (carbs), fats, Trypsin, produces sodium bicarbonate to neutralize the stomach acid

Stop 5: the large intestine/ colon

absorbs water

process and clear solid wastes

` 1000 types of bacteria live in your gut

they make the growth of harmful bacteria lessen

digest some materials we cant use

provide vitamins for us, like vitamin K

Feces

mostly water(3/4)

fiber

bacteria (odor)

material that your body cannot process (foreign objects)

if we pass waste back too quickly, not enough water is absorbed, there's too much liquid, resulting in diarrhea

if the waste is too slow, you absorb too much water, and you end up with constipation bc of how dry it is.

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