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carbsproteinslipidsnucleic acids vitaminsmineralswater
forms 2 atoms, one pos and one neg, and these opposite charges are attracted to one another
breaks apart a larger molecule into 2 smaller productsadds water to break molecule apartneed water to break down molecules!join together two molecules to create a new product. taking water out to break molecules into their subunits together into larger moleculesproduces water
sugar: simple glucose complex carbs: sugars connected though covenant bonds in humans: glycogen- stored formin plants: starch → can digestfiber/cellulose → cant digest, ends up in stool
built from mostly carbon + hydrogen saturated fats- single bonds, packed solidly, and will be solid at room temperatureunsaturated fats- contain some double bonds, they have more carbon, causing the shape to be not as tightly packed as saturated fats. resulting in liquid at room temperature. like olive oil, vegetable oil
Chemistry of food
What does food provide us?
Nutrients- chemicals our cells need to perform physiological functions.
nutrients include:
carbs, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids are considered organic macromolecules found in living organisms.
chemistry time!
macromolecules- a mass of molecules
atom- basic building blocks of matter.
electrons like to be paired up.
covalent bond- electrons are shared equally between 2 atoms.
ionic bond- electron shared unequally, where one atom can take another electron from one another.
hydrogen bond- weakest bond, when hydrogen atoms are attracted to eachother.
hydrolysis reaction- degradation reaction
reaction Removal of water to link subunits together into larger molecules
Dehydration reaction- synthesis
carbohydrates
fat digestion
lipids- lipase breaks down lipids into fatty acids
phospholipids-
hydrophilic head- mixes with water
hydrophobic tail- doesnt mix with water
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