-periods refer to stages of the development of the language
-different cultural influences
Old English
arrival of germanic settlers (Angles/ Saxons)
old germanic language
settlers brought beliefs and culture (not a lot of literature at that time, mainly religious texts) Texts in Latin- most important language
fewer than 30,000 lines of old english remain (lost due to war, time etc.)
Beowulf- Manuscript (written around year 1000(story is older, transmitted orally prior to being written ), setting: Scandinavia, Plot: Hero/ adventure (defeating monsters) -can be compared to J.R.Toilken Novels
Movies/videos games and books based on the story of beowulf, inspiration
Middle English
consequence of the Norman Conquest (1066): Norman Nobility (French speaking) ruled over England
Three Languages of the 12th Century
-English: everyday language
-French: language of court -Literature
-Latin: Religious texts
beginning of 13th Century
after 100year war against France 1339-1453
English is language of court
Chronicles: Historical, including supernatural, legends (first written in Latin) (considered scholar texts)
Saints Lives/ Legends: saint is presented as model (Cult of saints) (exists sice 8th Century)
Poetry: 3200 Middle englisch poems
Romances: 1116 romances survived to this day, based on Anglo- Saxon, Viking, french, Latin& Celtic sources (Theme: chivalry of knights/ Heros Fighting, adventure) love at first sight
Medieval Theatre: Late because theatre was thought to be immoral
Mystery plays- biblical/ apocryphal stories (satire/ ironic - disregarded by church because disrespect towards biblical stories)
Morality characters embody abstract ideas ( Person playing pride)
Saints play- saints conversion to christianity
Geoffrey Chaucer -famous author of the time; (The Canterbury Tales 1387-1400)
social ranks, professions, female perspective portrayed in his writings