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Finance

Last edited 56 seconds ago by Desmond Du.
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Disclaimer: This guide is for educational and community-sharing purposes only. It is not intended to be legal or professional financial advice. Always do your own research or consult with a certified professional before making significant financial decisions!

Why invest

The Primate Economics Investing Explaned with Bananas provides an essential overview of modern finance, explaining the mechanics of different assets and why Exchange-Traded Funds (ETFs) are often the most efficient choice for long-term growth. The core takeaway is that you don't build wealth simply by "saving" money in a traditional bank. Due to annual inflation, cash sitting idle actually loses purchasing power over time. Instead, money should be viewed as a tool to either improve your quality of life today or to buy back your time in the future through strategic investing.

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VT EFX from April 2021 to 2026
To visualize the power of investing, consider the Vanguard Total World Stock ETF (VT). If you had invested $10,000 into 100 shares of VT at $100 five years ago in 2021, those same shares would be worth approximately $145 today in 2026. By simply letting that capital sit in a diversified global fund, your investment would have grown to $14,500, netting you a $4,500 profit without any active labor. This illustrates the fundamental shift from working for your money to letting your money work for you.
Taking this concept further, if you were to invest $2,500 monthly into VT consistently, you would have generated a total profit of $68,450 over the last five years. This is known as Dollar Cost Averaging (DCA), the practice of investing a fixed dollar amount on a regular schedule, regardless of the share price.
By following this system, you aren't trying to "time" the market or guess when the next peak or valley will hit. Instead, you are systematically accumulating more shares when prices are lower and fewer shares when prices are higher.
5-Year DCA Breakdown (April 2021 – April 2026)
Category
Value
Initial Investment (April 2021)
$10,000
Total Monthly Contributions
$150,000 ($2,500 x 60 months)
Total Principal Invested
$160,000
Estimated Portfolio Value (April 2026)
~$228,450
Total Profit
+$68,450
Total Return %
~42.8%
There are no rows in this table

Simple Cash Flow Strategy

sankeymatic_20260408_173232_4000x2000.png
This diagram visualizes a percentage-based cash flow model for a modern professional. While specific percentages vary by location such the NJ state tax and HCOL housing costs shown here, the core logic remains universal:
Tier 1 (Payroll): Capturing taxes and tax-advantaged accounts (401k/HSA) at the source.
Tier 2 (The Split): Dividing take-home pay between lifestyle maintenance (Checking) and future-proofing (Savings/Investments).
Tier 3 (Granularity): Distinguishing between liquid cash (Emergency Funds) and market-exposed assets (Roth IRA/Brokerage).
Ultimately, the goal is to maintain a healthy 'Investing' flow regardless of the 'Rent' weight."

How to get started

is a comprehensive financial hub that functions as both a professional investment platform and a high-yield banking alternative.

Key Features

Zero Cost: $0 to open accounts (Roth IRA, Brokerage), $0 account minimums, and $0 commission fees on most trades.
Banking Alternative: The Cash Management Account (CMA) offers checking features (debit card, bill pay, and unlimited ATM fee reimbursements) with higher interest rates than traditional big banks.
Free Expert Access: All members can schedule free 1-on-1 financial planning appointments. Advisors can help with budgeting, retirement goals, or portfolio reviews regardless of your account balance.

🤔 Why max out your Roth IRA?

As of 2026, if you earn less than $153,000 (Single) or $242,000 (Married), you can contribute up to $7,500 per year to a Roth IRA. While it doesn't lower your tax bill today, the benefits are massive:
🛡️ Tax-Free Growth: Every penny your money earns inside the account—through dividends or stock price increases—is yours to keep. The government cannot touch the growth.
💸 Tax-Free Withdrawals: When you retire (age 59.5+), you can withdraw the entire balance without paying a single cent in income tax!
🔓 Flexibility: You can withdraw your original contributions (the money you put in) at any time, for any reason, without taxes or penalties. It acts as a secondary emergency backup.
What you lose if you don't use a Roth 📉
Imagine you invest $7,500 every year for 30 years and earn a 7% return. In both scenarios, you end up with about $758,000.
In a Roth IRA: You keep all $758,000. Total tax paid: $0.
In a Normal Brokerage: Every time you sell a stock or receive a dividend, you pay taxes (roughly 15-20%). Over 30 years, this "tax drag" can easily cost you $150,000+ in lost gains and payments!
The Takeaway: By not maxing your Roth, you are essentially giving the government a "voluntary tip" of six figures later in life. Maxing it out ensures that 100% of your effort stays in your pocket.

💡 Pro-Tip: Fidelity Full View® 🗺️

Full View® is an account aggregator that eliminates financial "silos" by pulling all your data into one real-time dashboard.
Centralize Data: Link external bank accounts, credit cards, and non-Fidelity retirement accounts (like an old employer 401k). 🔗
Live Net Worth: It automatically tracks your Assets vs. Liabilities, providing a live net worth calculation. 📈
Replace Spreadsheets: This tool provides a high-level overview of your financials, making manual spreadsheets or app-hopping unnecessary. 🔭

Action Plan

Open Accounts: Start with a and an
Sync Everything: Use to link your outside accounts for a total-picture view.

ETFS to buy!

Here is a breakdown of ETFs to buy
VT 100%

VTI 75%
VXUS 25%
-or-
VTI 20%
IVV 50%
VXUS 30%
-or-
IVV 75%
VWO 10%
VEA 15%
Here is Michael’s ETF to invest in (). Do note that this isn’t update regularly, so it’s up to you to do your own research on what ETF to buy

Part 2 Investing as a habit

Investing isn’t a “one-and-one” event; it’s a habit you return to consistently, whether that’s monthly or quarterly. You can automate almost everything to keep your strategy running the background:
Max out your ROTH IRA ($7,500 limit for 2026) with recurring month/annual transfer
Monthly Brokerage Deposits: Treat your individual brokerage account like a mandatory bill. Schedule a monthly transfer from your bank to Fidelity
Auto-Buying ETFs: You don't even have to log in to click "buy." Fidelity allows you to set up Recurring Investments for ETFs like VT. You can choose the amount (e.g., $200 every payday) and the date, and Fidelity will automatically buy the shares for you.

Terminologies

Stocks (Equities) 🧱

Formal: A security representing fractional ownership in a corporation and a claim on its assets and earnings. 📈
ELI5: Buying a stock is like owning one specific Banana Tree 🌴. If that tree grows lots of fruit, you get to keep them. But if that specific tree gets hit by lightning, you have no bananas. It’s a big bet on one tree.

Exchange-Traded Funds (ETFs) 🧺

Formal: A pooled investment security that trades on an exchange like a stock, typically tracking a specific index (e.g., S&P 500). 🧺
ELI5: An ETF is like owning a Bag of Seeds 🎒 from 500 different trees. Even if a few trees in the jungle die, your bag is so big that you’ll still have plenty of bananas. You can trade your bag for other stuff anytime the jungle market is open.

Mutual Funds 🍕

Formal: A pooled investment vehicle priced once daily at the end of market hours. 🤝
ELI5: This is the Village Banana Pile 🍌. Everyone gives their bananas to a "Silverback" (Manager) who decides which trees to plant for the whole tribe. You can’t just grab your bananas whenever you want; the Silverback only settles the pile once a day at sunset.

Target Date Fund (TDF) 🗓️

Formal: A "set-it-and-forget-it" mutual fund that automatically adjusts its asset allocation (shifting from stocks to bonds) as the investor nears a specific retirement year. ⚓
ELI5: This is a Smart Garden 🪴. When you are a young monkey, the garden grows mostly wild, high-reward fruit trees. As you get older and closer to your "nap time" (retirement), the garden automatically swaps the wild trees for steady, safe bushes so you always have a snack nearby.

Dollar Cost Averaging (DCA) 📈

Formal: An investment strategy in which an investor divides the total amount to be invested across periodic purchases of a target asset (like an ETF) to reduce the impact of volatility. By investing a fixed dollar amount on a regular schedule, you automatically buy more shares when prices are low and fewer shares when prices are high. ⚖️
ELI5: DCA is the "Steady Climber" method. Instead of trying to jump across the whole jungle in one giant leap, you take one small, equal step every single day. Some days the ground is muddy (low prices) and some days it's rocky (high prices), but because you never stop moving, you eventually get to the top without ever worrying about the weather. 🧗‍♂️

Investment Vehicles

ROTH (The Tax Shield) 🛡️

Formal: A tax-advantaged account structure where contributions are made with after-tax dollars, but all future growth and withdrawals are 100% tax-free. 💎
ELI5: ROTH is a Tax Shield. You give the Chief his Leaves (Taxes) 🍃 today, but in exchange, he promises to never look at your bananas ever again. No matter how many bananas grow in your stash, they are all yours to keep.

Roth 401k ($24,500 Limit) 🪵

Formal: A post-tax employer-sponsored retirement plan with tax-free growth. 🛡️
ELI5: This is a Hollowed-Out Log at your job. You put bananas in now after the Chief takes his cut. Any new bananas that grow inside that log are yours to keep forever—the Chief can never touch them again.

HSA ($4,400 Limit) 🧪

Formal: A triple-tax-advantaged account for health-related costs (Single limit: $4,400). ⚡
ELI5: The Magic Medicine Pot 🏺. It’s the only place where the Chief doesn't take a single leaf when you put bananas in, while they grow, OR when you take them out to fix a broken monkey tail.

Roth IRA ($7,500 Limit) 🎒

Formal: An individual account offering tax-free growth and withdrawals. 🔓
ELI5: This is your Personal Secret Stash. You don't need a job-log for this one. It’s another tax-free bucket you keep in your own cave 🕳️ for when you’re too old to climb trees.

Individual Brokerage Account 🌊

Formal: A taxable investment account that has no contribution limits and no withdrawal restrictions, but offers no special tax advantages. 🎣
ELI5: This is the Open Ocean. You can fish here whenever you want, and you can keep as many fish as you can catch. However, every time you catch a big fish, the Chief stands on the shore and demands a few Leaves (Capital Gains Tax) 🍃 as a fee.

SEP IRA ($72,000 Limit) 👑

Formal: A Simplified Employee Pension plan for self-employed individuals or small business owners. 💼
ELI5: The Chieftain’s Private Orchard 🌳. If you run your own troop, you can put away a massive amount of bananas here (up to 25% of what you find) to make sure your golden years are spent in a hammock.

Recommended Readings

I Will Teach You To Be Rich, Ramit Sethi
 
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