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BIO146
Chapter 3
Chapter 4
Exam 1 Review Session
Chapter 5
Chapter 6 - Tour of the Cell
Cell Notes
Chapter 7
Chapter 8
Practicum Review Questions
Exam 2 Review Session
Chapter 9 - Cellular Respiration and Fermentation (very IMPORTANT for MCAT)
Chapter 10 - Photosynthesis
Exam 2 Review Session
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Practicum Review Questions

metric system for temperature, length, weigh
what is a hypothesis?
an idea or explanation before actual experimentation takes place
mircroscope
arm (neck)
ocular lens (where you look through)
objective lens (on revolving nose piece) (10X, 40X, 100X)
stage (where you put the slide)
focus knob
condenser diaphragm
iris diaphrame (iris lever) (adjust the light that gets through the the slide)
fine adjustment knob - the one in the middle with little details
course adjustment knob - the biggest knob
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ocular = 10x
objective
→ 4x (scanning) only lens where we utilize coarse knob
→ 10x (low-power)
→ 40x (high-power)
→ 100x (oil-immersion)
slides we looked at: letter e, ruler, hair
parfocal objective - in parfocal microscopes, after the image is focused with one objective, it should be in focus with the other objective s and required only minor adjustments in focusing
compound microscope vs. stereo microscope
compound microscope is generally used for smaller specimen that we cannot see by naked eyes
stereo microscope is used for the details of larger objects, ex: insects, coins, paper money...
an atoms = smallest unit of matter = a complex arrangement of negatively charged electrons arranged in defined shells about a positively charged nucleus
electrons shell model
1st shell: 2 e-
2nd shell: 8 e-
3rd shell: 18 e-
4th shell: 32 e-
pH indicators: Phenolphtalein and Bromothymol Blue
phenolpthalen
→ base = pink
→ acid = colorless
bromothyomol blue
→ base = blue
→ acid = yellow
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structure of amino acid
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dehydration reaction - making polymers (taking out water)
hydrolysis reaction - breaking polymers (putting in water)
cell theory : all living things are composed of cells, the cell is the basic unit of all the living structures
diffusion factors: temperature, enzymes, molecule size, concentration etc...

* hypertonic - the cell will lose water, shrivel and probably die
less solute & more water inside the cell and more solute & less water outside of the cell
*hypotonic - water enters the cell faster than it leaves, the cell will swell and lyse
more solute & less water inside of the cell and less solute & more water outside of the cell
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