1.3 Summarize general OS installation and upgrade methods
Boot Methods
USB
Computer must be bootable and computer must support booting from a USB.
CD-ROM & DVD-ROM
Using a CD or DVD to install an operating system
PXE
A great way to get the desired OS onto hundreds of computers
PXE is a remote network installation, meaning it will install an OS using a network connection
But the computer must support booting to PXE
Net Boot
Apple’s version of PXE
It uses the same concept when booting an macOS from the network
Solid State Drives/ Flash Drives
Refers to storing the OS on USB and portable hard drives.
Internal Hard Drive
allowing the system to boot to an internal hard drive or partition (volume).
File Types are the types of file systems that are used on a computer for file storage, file organization, and file retrieval. Files types are chosen after a partition is formatted.
Microsoft Windows File Systems
FAT (File Allocation Table)
The first file system created for Microsoft windows (circa 1980)
FAT32 (File Allocation Table 32-Bit)
One of the first file systems ever created, it’s a successor to FAT
Supports Larger volume sizes than regular ole FAT
Max size file of 4GB
NTFS (New Technology File System)
NTFS is the new ideal windows format of choice.
Security: NTFS views individual files and folders as objects and provides security for those objects using Access Control Lists.
Compression: NTFS enables you to compress individual files and folders to save space on a hard drive. Compression makes access time to the data slower because the OS must uncompress files every time you use them.
Encryption: NTFS has the ability to make files unreadable to anyone who doesn’t have the right key. You can encrypt a single file, folder, or a folder full of files. EFS (encrypting file system) is the utility used to do this.
Disk Quotas: NTFS supports disk quotas, its the ability of administrators to set limits on drive space usage for users.
exFAT (extended File Allocation Table)
File system that is optimized specifically for USB flash drives & USB Drives. It was created as the successor to FAT32 by extending from 32-bit clusters to 64-bit cluster entries in the file table.
Like FAT32, exFAT lacks all of the security features of NTFS (permissions, compression, and encryption)
Files can be larger than 4GB
Apple File Systems
Apple Inc. uses HFS (Hierarchical File System), which has been replaced by the new file system: Apple File System (APFS).
This file system is exclusive to apple computers only.
Linux File Systems
ext3 and ext4 are both linux file systems.
ext4 is the newest version and supports up to 1 exabtye volume sizes with files sizes up to 16TB and is backward compatible with ext2 & ext3.
Other File Systems
CDFS
CD-ROM File System
NFS
Network File System
Quick Format
This option only removes files from the partition, but it doesn’t scan the disk for bad sectors.
Full Format
Files are removed from the partition and the hard disk is scanned for bad sectors
Scanning for bad sectors takes more time.
Load Alternate Third Party Drivers When Necessary
Sometimes when you install drivers for a device, the drivers you install only partially activate said device.
This is especially common with multifunction devices like printers, scanners, and duplexes.
For this exact case, it’s necessary that you sometimes have to go to the manufacturer’s website, and download the latest driver.
But its still good practice to go with the default drivers that come with the windows installation and then upgrade them afterwards. By doing this, you’re giving your system a backup driver incase it turns out the new driver is a lemon.
Workgroup vs Domain Setup
Workgroup (Home)
A group of Loosely associated computers that share a common workgroup name
Each computer takes care of its own security (no centralized security management)
Often used for 10 or less computers that don’t require a server computer.
Domain(Business)
A group of computers that are tightly connected or associated and share a common domain name
Has a single point of security management called a domain controller that manages security for all of the computers
Often used for 10 or more computers/workstations
computers are connected to one or more servers
Time/Date/Region/Language Settings in relation to the OS installation
These settings should be set at the beginning of the installation and these are the usual the first questions that are asked when setting up the machine.
Driver installation, software, and Windows updates
Driver Installation
Most windows systems will automatically load the correct drivers whenever you connect said hardware, but there are times when windows will not have the driver. Whenever this happens, you’ll have to go into the device manager and locate which device needs a new driver. You will also have to go and find the most up-to-date driver from the manufacturers website.
Ex. Going to the dell drivers website and scanning the device for any missing drivers
Windows and Software Updates
Install any windows updates that are available
Installing updates also means security patches are being installed.
Factory Recovery Partition
You’ll have to make a recovery partition in case things go left with your Operating system.
This will be useful incase you have to restore the entire system to factory settings incase of a system failure or OS corruption.
Application Compatibility
Whenever you upgrade an OS, it’s important to know the system requirements used for critical apps to run on.
Compatibility Mode can be used to run an application that needs to ran inside it’s home operating system version.
Running the application in a virtual machine is also an option.
OS compatibility/upgrade path
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