Bidding - How To

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About Bidding

A description of the bidding process - public and private

The Bidding Process

Over the years we have bid a lot of projects both privately and publicly. We have also documented our process to avoid 'reinventing the wheel'. The following describes the steps in our process. Several of the documents or forms that we use are downloadable by clicking their name.

Public vs. Private

The main differences between public and private bidding is 1] who is permitted to bid and 2] how documents are distributed.

Who to permit to bid. For public bidding you cannot restrict who bids except to place bonding requirements (often required by regulations) and minimum experience requirements on the potential bidders. For private bidding, the bidders should be by invitation only. Invite only firms you know can complete the project satisfactorily and let their bids decide who will be awarded the project. Three to six bidders is ideal. The more bidders, the less enthusiasm for bidding.

How documents are distributed. For public bidding it is fairly common these days to make the documents available at cost to whoever wants them. Alternatively, you can require a deposit (about 150% of actual cost) which is returned to the bidder when he returns the plans. Plans are usually placed with plan rooms also who provide a notification service to contractors.

For private bidding, you would distribute documents the same way except that you might just give the documents to the bidders in recognition of the invitational nature of the bidding. You would not place the drawings with plan rooms unless your invited bidders want to do that. The reason for no plan rooms is that uninvited bidders will submit bids, thereby undermining the concept of only pre-qualified bidders, any of which you would be happy to work with. Remember the old saw: "The low bidder is the guy who made the biggest mistake."

Prerequisites

These tasks should have been completed in earlier design phases. Verify that they have been.

Obtain the Owner's Instructions (AIA G-612)

Verify that the drawing title blocks are consistent for project name, date, etc. and agree with the Owner's Instructions or any other instructions.

Verify availability of AIA or other documents if including them in bid sets or as otherwise needed. Watch out for copyrights!

Submit documents for permits to get feedback before the bid due date.

The Start Of The Bidding Phase

Create Project Manual Cover

Prepare a legal ad,

'Advertisement for Bids'⁠

, if it is a public project; or an

'Invitation to Bid'⁠

if it is a private project.

The ideal Bid Due Day is Thursday at 3:00 PM. Mondays are bad for last minute bid assembly. Friday can be bad for making contacts. Tuesday, Wednesday are okay, too. Thursday are ideal.

The best bidding period is four weeks. For simple projects three weeks may be adequate. Two weeks or less invariably leads to problems.

Review the Owner's Instructions (AIA G-612) for relevant input from the Owner.

Edit the Instructions to Bidders (AIA 701) or your own document.

Prepare the Bid Form (

see sample⁠

) and check with the client to see if he is required to use a specific format - usually addressed in Owner's Instructions (AIA G-612).

Determine the necessary number of sets of bidding documents you will need to distribute to non-bidders, for example, the Owner (consider Using Agency and Providing Agency), Design Team, Local Building Officials, State Building Officials, Plan Rooms (if any).

Contact Invited Bidders by sending the Advertisement for Bids or the Invitation to Bid to those firms that you would like to bid the project whether public or private.

Place Legal Ad ('Advertisement for Bids') for public bids - often the client knows how to get it published but we like to prepare the document.

Prepare a Bid Tabulation Form (

see sample⁠

) and make copies for the bid opening (about 1.5 x number of plan holders).

Distributing Documents

There are three ways in which to distribute the Bidding Documents to the bidders depending on the technology available to you (and that the Owner's process permits you to use). The TRADITIONAL method is to print multiple sets of drawings and distribute them from the architect's office. The architect collects deposits or payments for the bidding sets and track contact information about the bidders for issuing addenda. As you might imagine, this is a big, disruptive task. The MODIFIED TRADITIONAL method is to print bidding sets as needed and distribute them from the reproduction house, who tracks information about the bidders and issues addenda and returns deposit (if any). This delegates the whole process; and the only drawback is that you are responsible to the Owner, but a third party is taking care of the task without oversight. The ELECTRONIC PLAN ROOM is the ideal solution because it mimics the Modified Traditional method but everything is documented online where you can monitor the process.

During Bidding

You have your project 'on the street'. Now what do you need to do?

Monitor the need for corrections and clarifications that will require an addendum and issue it in a timely fashion.

It is extremely rare to go through a bidding period without at least one addendum. It isn't unheard of to issue some of the documents by addendum. That isn't recommended because coordination and completeness of the documents can become awkward. Your goal is to give the bidders a clear idea of what is required of them. Addenda invariably get ignored and that causes other problems for everyone.

The last addendum must be received at least 2-3 days before bid due date or you should postpone the due date in the addendum. The timing and method of delivery of any addendum is often covered in the (Owner provided!) Bidding Documents, so make sure you comply.

Preparing Addenda

Start an addendum document and complete as much as you can.

Share the format with your consultants.

As issues arrive, determine if they require inclusion in an addendum.

Obtain any addendum items from consultants and add them to the addendum.

Publish and distribute the addendum to all recipients of bidding documents.

Public Bid Opening

Preparation For The Bid Opening

Alert receptionist at the place of bid receipt to the bid due date and time; and arrange for receipt of bids.

Determine participants' roles in the bid opening - introductions, opener of bids, reader of bids, recorder of bids.

Announce what clock will be considered the correct time.

Offer & make available blank bid tab forms to all present

Make introductions to all present

Bid Opening Procedures

Announce, at the designated time, that no more bids will be accepted.

Introduce yourself, members of the Owner's staff and other design team members in attendance.

Explain procedure to all present

Open bids one by one

Read each bid as opened

Tabulate (record) the bids

Announce apparent low bidder

Describe process for making an award and establish when that will occur as current info allows

Ask for questions

Allow those in attendance at a public opening to review the bids received.

Close meeting

Private Bid Opening

Preparation For The Bid Opening

See the description of the preparation for a public bid opening above. A private opening would take place in the architect's or the client's office and is informal. The same process is followed without an audience of bidders.

Bid Opening Procedures

See the description of the Bid Opening Procedures for a public bid opening above. A private opening is as informal as you want to make it, but most of the steps still apply. Since the bidders are not present, you can expect a flurry of inquiries within an hour or so of the bids being due. Decide with your client what results and when the results will be disclosed. Even if it isn't the actual results, I suggest that you make the plan for disclosure available if you haven't done so yet.