is the expected utility from remaining in stalemate, T is the probability that situation improves for player i when it does not challenge player j, and

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is the expected utility in this situation.

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is the expected utility in the situation that player i does not challenge player j, player j is challenged by others and the results of these challenges worsens the situation for player i.

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is the median voter position at each

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Utilidades basicas en forma sencilla

A’s Utility for Outcome N = 1–(Absolute Value (A’s Preferred Outcome – Outcome N)*0.1) Therefore actor ‘A’ will have 100% utility for his or her preferred outcome, 50% utility for an outcome 25 points away, zero utility for an outcome 50 points away, and negative utility, i.e. oppose, outcomes greater than 50 points away.

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