Your academic knowledge, how much you know about the world around you, about history, science and other subjects.
Examples of use:
Recall a historical event
Decipher a coded message
Copy a magic symbol
Brawn
Your raw power, how well you can inflict and resist physical damage, how much you can push your body to its limits.
Examples of use:
Brutally hit something (or someone, no judgement)
Lower the damage of an incoming attack
Lift a heavy object
Finesse
How dexterous you are, the precision you can put behind any action.
Examples of use:
Precisely hit something (or well... someone)
Aim with a ranged weapon
Grab a rope mid-air
Heart
Your intuition, common-sense, ability to relate to others.
Examples of use:
Try to break a language barrier
Calm a distressed horse
Find your way in a dense forest
Will
The actual force keeping your body up, and how well you can project that force.
Examples of use:
Resist fear
Try not to pass out after taking mortal damage
Convince a room of people to follow you into battle
Vocation
This one is a bit different, and can be treated as optional, as it represents the archetype of your character, what motivates them to learn, to explore the world, to push themselves or others to the maximum of their abilities.
The DM decides when you advance in these vocations, based on your actions according to them.
Example of vocations:
Leader
Adventurer
Monster Hunter
Magic Practitioner
Wizard
Cleric
Warlock
Work with your DM to create a vocation suited to your character, your party and the game you’re in !
Examples of use:
Warlock: Call upon the source of your powers for help in your darkest hours.
Monster Hunter: Discover more elaborate ways to dispatch werewolves
Leader: Motivate your allies to go above and beyond