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Answer Key
Category Number
Category
Question
Answer
Points
Category Number
Category
Question
Answer
Points
1
Background Information
5
What are the primary methods of consuming heroin?
Heroin can be injected, sniffed, or smoked
200
What is a notable characteristic of heroin use in terms of addiction and withdrawal?
Heroin is highly addicting and can lead to agonizing withdrawal symptoms
400
What is heroin made out of and where is it found?
Morphine, found in the seeds of opium poppies
600
What are the physical properties of different types of heroin?
Heroin can appear as a white or brown powder or a black sticky substance known as black tar heroin.
800
How does heroin affect brain activity, and what category of drug does it fall into?
Heroin is a central nervous system depressant, slowing down brain activity and causing a sedative effect.
1000
2
Neurological Mechanisms
5
How does heroin affect the activity of GABA and what does this do?
Heroin inhibits GABA, resulting in the activation of dopamine in the brain.
200
Which specific receptors in the brain does heroin bind to and activate?
Heroin binds to and activates mu-opioid receptors (MORs) in the brain.
400
What happens when mu-opioid receptors in the brain are activated by heroin?
Activation of mu-opioid receptors by heroin stimulates the release of dopamine, a neurotransmitter associated with pleasure and reward.
600
What is the consequence of heroin's action on opioid receptors in terms of the brain's natural response to pleasure?
Heroin, as an agonist drug, causes the brain to stop responding to normal stimuli, leading to reduced natural production of pleasure-inducing neurotransmitters.
800
How does the mechanism of action of heroin contribute to the development of dependence on the drug?
Heroin's role as an agonist drug, structurally similar to the body's natural agonists, leads to the body's dependence on the drug and a reduced ability to produce natural pleasure responses.
1000
3
Biological & Physiological Effects
5
What health complications can arise from the use of heroin, especially when combined with poor health?
Heroin use, in combination with poor health, can lead to lung complications such as pneumonia and tuberculosis.
200
What are some of the health risks associated with sharing equipment among heroin users?
Sharing equipment can lead to infections with hepatitis B and C, HIV, and other bloodborne pathogens among heroin users.
400
What are the potential consequences of snorting heroin in terms of physical damage?
Snorting heroin can cause damage to the mucosal tissue in the nose and may result in perforation of the nasal septum.
600
What are some common physiological effects experienced by heroin users?
Physiological effects of heroin use include constricted pupils, lethargy, a warm skin flush, dry mouth, nausea, vomiting, severe itching, drowsiness, and clouded mental functions.
800
What risks are associated with chronic injection of heroin?
Chronic injection of heroin can lead to scarred or collapsed veins, bacterial infections in blood vessels and heart valves, and soft-tissue infections.
1000
4
Psychological & Cognitive Effects
5
What intense feelings does heroin induce, and why is it alluring for users?
Heroin induces intense feelings of euphoria and pleasure, making it highly alluring for users.
200
What is the "nodding" sensation experienced by heroin users
The "nodding" sensation is when heroin users alternate between wakefulness and drowsiness as they experience relaxation and sedation.
400
How does chronic heroin use affect an individual's cognitive functions, including problem-solving and decision-making?
Chronic heroin use can impair cognitive functions, including problem-solving, decision-making, and judgment, potentially leading to risky behaviors.
600
What are some of the cognitive deficits that may arise during heroin withdrawal, and why do they occur?
During heroin withdrawal, individuals may experience cognitive deficits, including memory problems, concentration difficulties, and impaired problem-solving, as the brain readjusts to functioning without the drug.
800
How does heroin use affect an individual's ability to experience pleasure without the drug, and what are some of the potential emotional consequences?
Heroin use can make it challenging for individuals to experience pleasure without the drug, potentially leading to anxiety and paranoia.
1000
5
Social-Cultural Effects
5
How do families often experience the effects of heroin addiction, and what burdens do they face?
Families experience strained relationships, disrupted dynamics, and emotional and financial turmoil due to heroin addiction.
200
What is one of the significant barriers individuals with heroin addiction face when trying to seek help and reintegrate into society?
Stigmatization and discrimination often make it harder for those with heroin addiction to seek help and reintegrate into society.
400
What is one of the potential consequences of heroin addiction when individuals turn to a life of crime?
Heroin addiction can lead individuals to engage in criminal activities such as theft and drug trafficking, resulting in legal issues and incarceration.
600
How does heroin addiction impact an individual's ability to maintain employment and education, and what is the consequence?
Heroin addiction often leads to struggles in maintaining employment and education, resulting in financial instability.
800
How does heroin addiction contribute to the public health burden, and what specific health risks does it pose to the community?
Heroin addiction increases the risk of infectious diseases, such as hepatitis and HIV, impacting not only individuals but also the broader community, contributing to the public health burden.
1000
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